The Role of Psychological Sense of School Membership and Postcode as Predictors of Profiles of Socio-emotional Health in Primary School Children in England

School Mental Health - A dual approach to mental health in schools has been widely defended, where the assessment of psychological distress and the examination of strengths/well-being are two...     

Effectiveness of a microabrasion technique using 16% HCL with manual application on fluorotic teeth: A series of studies

BACKGROUND Dental fluorosis is caused by excessive fluoride ingestion during tooth formation.As a consequence,there is a higher porosity on the enamel surface,which causes an opaque look.AIM The aim of this study was to identify a dental intervention to improve the smile in patients with tooth fluorosis.Additional aims were to relate the stain size on fluorotic teeth with the effectiveness of stain removal,enamel loss and procedure time using a manual microabrasion technique with 16%hydrochloric acid(HCL).METHODS An experimental study was carried out on 84 fluorotic teeth in 57 adolescent patients,33 females and 24 males,with moderate to severe fluorosis.The means,standard deviations and percentages were analyzed using nonparametric statistics and ArchiCAD 15 software was used for the variables including stain size and effectiveness of stain removal.RESULTS The average enamel loss was 234μm and was significantly related to the procedure time categorized as 1-4 min and 4.01-6 min,resulting in a P>0.000.The microabrasion technique using 16%HCL was effective in 90.6%of patients and was applied manually on superficial stains in moderate and severe fluorosis.Procedure time was less than 6 min and enamel loss was within the acceptable range.CONCLUSION Microabrasion is a first-line treatment;however,the clinician should measure the average enamel loss to ensure that it is within the approximate range of 250μm in order to avoid restorative treatment.     

Uso de las redes sociales por parte de los cirujanos generales. Resultados de la encuesta nacional de la Asociación Española de Cirujanos

Introduction

The use and utility of social media (SM) among Spanish general surgeons is unknown.

Pu(iii) and Cm(iii) in the presence of EDTA: aqueous speciation,redox behavior,and the impact of Ca(ii)

The impact of calcium on the solubility, redox behavior, and speciation of the An(iii)–EDTA (An = Pu or Cm) system under reducing, anoxic conditions was investigated through batch solubility experiments, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), density functional theory (DFT), and time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS). Batch solubility experiments were conducted from undersaturation using Pu(OH)₃(am) as the solid phase in contact with 0.1 M NaCl–NaOH–HCl–EDTA–CaCl₂ solutions at [EDTA] = 1 mM, pH_m = 7.5–9.5, and [CaCl₂] ≤20 mM. Additional samples targeted brine systems represented by 3.5 M CaCl₂ and WIPP simulated brine. Solubility data in the absence of calcium were well-described by Pu(iii)–EDTA thermodynamic models, thus supporting the stabilization of Pu(iii)–EDTA complexes in solution. Cm(iii)–EDTA TRLFS data suggested the stepwise hydrolysis of An(iii)-EDTA complexes with increasing pH, and current Pu(iii)-EDTA solubility models were reassessed to evaluate the possibility of including Pu(iii)–OH–EDTA complexes and to calculate preliminary formation constants. Solubility data in the presence of calcium exhibited nearly constant log m(Pu)_tot, as limited by total ligand concentration, with increasing [CaCl₂]_tot, which supports the formation of calcium-stabilized Pu(iii)–EDTA complexes in solution. XAS spectra without calcium showed partial oxidation of Pu(iii) to Pu(iv) in the aqueous phase, while calcium-containing experiments exhibited only Pu(iii), suggesting that Ca–Pu(iii)–EDTA complexes may stabilize Pu(iii) over short timeframes (t ≤45 days). DFT calculations on the Ca–Pu(iii)–EDTA system and TRLFS studies on the analogous Ca–Cm(iii)–EDTA system show that calcium likely stabilizes An(iii)–EDTA complexes but can also potentially stabilize An(iii)–OH–EDTA species in solution. This hints towards the possible existence of four major complex types within Ca–An(iii)–EDTA systems: An(iii)–EDTA, An(iii)–OH–EDTA, Ca–An(iii)–EDTA, and Ca–An(iii)–OH–EDTA. While the exact stoichiometry and degree of ligand protonation within these complexes remain undefined, their formation must be accounted for to properly assess the fate and transport of plutonium under conditions relevant to nuclear waste disposal.

Combined advanced spectroscopy and solubility studies provide evidence for the formation of novel calcium-containing and hydrolyzed (Cm,Pu)(iii)–EDTA complex(es).