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排序方式: 共有326条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
P Fuhr L G Cohen N Dang T W Findley S Haghighi J Oro M Hallett 《Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology》1992,85(1):53-60
It is now known that amputation results in reorganization of central motor pathways, but the mechanism for the changes is unclear. One possibility is alteration of the excitability of the alpha motoneurons. We studied motor reorganization and excitability of alpha motoneurons to Ia input in 6 subjects with unilateral lower limb amputation. A Cadwell MES-10 stimulator was used to deliver transcranial magnetic stimuli through a circular coil centered on the sagittal axis 4 cm anterior to Cz and through an 8-shaped coil positioned over scalp locations 1 cm apart along the coronal axis. Surface EMG was recorded bilaterally from quadriceps femoris, the first muscle immediately proximal to the site of amputation. Excitability of the spinal alpha motoneuron pool to Ia afferents was assessed by determining the ratio of the maximal H reflex to the maximal M response (H/M ratio) elicited in the quadriceps femoris. Stimuli of equal intensity delivered to optimal scalp positions recruited a larger percentage of the alpha motoneuron pool in muscles ipsilateral to the stump than in those contralateral to the stump (P less than 0.01). Mean onset latencies of motor evoked potentials were shorter in ipsilateral muscles than in contralateral muscles (P less than 0.01). Muscles ipsilateral to the stump showed a trend toward activation from a larger number of scalp positions than those contralateral to the stump (P = 0.06). There was no difference in the quadriceps H/M ratios (7.2% ipsilateral vs. 10.9% contralateral). The absence of changes in the excitability of the alpha motoneuron pool in the presence of motor reorganization targeting muscles proximal to the stump suggests that reorganization occurs proximal to the alpha motoneuron level. 相似文献
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Physiological abnormalities in hereditary hyperekplexia. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Five patients from a kindred with hereditary hyperekplexia had physiological testing. The surface-recorded electromyographic pattern of audiogenic muscle jerks was identical to that of the normal acoustic startle reflex. Testing at graded stimulus intensities indicated an increase in the gain of the acoustic startle reflex. Nose-tap stimuli resulted in short-latency generalized electromyographic bursts that were similar to the R1 component of the blink reflex. Electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves elicited a pattern of generalized muscle jerks that was similar to that of the acoustic startle reflex. Somatosensory evoked potentials, brainstem auditory evoked potentials, and cortical auditory evoked potentials were normal. The primary physiological abnormality in hereditary hyperekplexia is widespread elevated gain of vestigial withdrawal reflexes in the brainstem and possibly the spinal cord, most likely resulting from increased excitability of reticular neurons. 相似文献
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C. de Mey K. Beithaupt D. Palm U. Fuhr G. G. Belz 《European journal of clinical pharmacology》1993,44(4):341-348
Summary The cardiovascular effects at rest and during exercise and 1- and 2-adrenoceptor occupancy following a single dose of 1200 mg celiprolol p. o. were investigated in 8 healthy subjects with or without pretreatment with a single dose of 20 mg bisoprolol p. o., using a place-bo-controlled, 2-way cross-over design.The ergometric responses of heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) after celiprolol were reduced to a similar extent as after bisoprolol, but the cardiovascular function at rest was affected in a different way: there was a rise in HR, clear enhancement of cardiac systolic performance, and a considerable drop in the estimated total peripheral vascular resistance, associated with median 1-RRA and 2-RRA occupancies of 88 and 34%, respectively. The cardiovascular effects of celiprolol were not affected by pretreatment with bisoprolol. Celiprolol thus binds extensively to 1-adrenoceptors, moderately to 2-adrenoceptors, acts as 1-adrenergic antagonist (exemplified by the ergometric effects) but has vasodilator, positive chronotropic and cardiac systolic performance enhancing properties, which do not involve either direct or indirect 1-adrenergic agonism, but which might reflect 2-adrenergic agonism. 相似文献
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Samawi Luma Williams Petal Petersen Myers Bronwyn Fuhr Daniela C 《Archives of women's mental health》2021,24(4):557-568
Archives of Women's Mental Health - This study aims to synthesise the available evidence on psychological interventions to reduce alcohol consumption among pregnant and postpartum women. Six... 相似文献
7.
Inhibitory potency of quinolone antibacterial agents against cytochrome P450IA2 activity in vivo and in vitro. 下载免费PDF全文
U Fuhr E M Anders G Mahr F Srgel A H Staib 《Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy》1992,36(5):942-948
Inhibition of cytochrome P450IA2 activity is an important adverse effect of quinolone antibacterial agents. It results in a prolonged half-life for some drugs that are coadministered with quinolones, such as theophylline. The objective of the study described here was to define the parameters for quantifying the inhibitory potencies of quinolones against cytochrome P450IA2 in vivo and in vitro and to investigate the relationship between the results of both approaches. Cytochrome P450IA2 activity in vitro was measured by using the 3-demethylation rate of caffeine (500 microM) in human liver microsomes. The inhibitory potency of a quinolone in vitro was determined by calculating the decrease in the activity of cytochrome P450IA2 caused by addition of the quinolone (500 microM) into the incubation medium. The mean values (percent reduction of activity without quinolone) were as follows: enoxacin, 74.9%; ciprofloxacin, 70.4%; nalidixic acid, 66.6%; pipemidic acid, 59.3%; norfloxacin, 55.7%; lomefloxacin, 23.4%; pefloxacin, 22.0%; amifloxacin, 21.4%; difloxacin, 21.3%; ofloxacin, 11.8%; temafloxacin, 10.0%; fleroxacin, no effect. The inhibitory potency of a quinolone in vivo was defined by a dose- and bioavailability-normalized parameter calculated from changes of the elimination half-life of theophylline and/or caffeine reported in previously published studies. Taking the pharmacokinetics of the quinolones into account, it was possible to differentiate between substances with and without clinically relevant inhibitory effects by using results of in vitro investigations. The in vitro test described here may help to qualitatively predict the relevant drug interactions between quinolones and methylxanthines that occur during therapy. 相似文献
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Erwin A. Blackstone Joseph P. Fuhr Jr Steve Pociask 《American Health & Drug Benefits》2014,7(4):216-224