Überregionale Public-Health-Akteure in Deutschland – eine Bestandsaufnahme und Kategorisierung

Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz - Akteure der öffentlichen Gesundheit (Public Health) tragen wesentlich zu Gesundheitsschutz, -förderung und...     

The proteome microenvironment determines the protective effect of preconditioning in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury

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Reoperation rates and risk factors for revision 4 years after dynamic stabilization of the lumbar spine

Background Context

The concept of dynamic stabilization (DS) of the lumbar spine for treatment of degenerative instability has been introduced almost two decades ago. Dynamic stabilization follows the principle of controlling movement in the coronal plane by providing load transfer of the spinal segment without fusion and, at the same time, reducing side effects such as adjacent segment disease (ASD). So far, only little is known about revision rates after DS due to ASD and screw loosening (SL).

α2-adrenoceptor blockade,pituitary-adrenal hormones,and agonistic interactions in rats

The effects of adrenergic activation on aggressiveness and the aggression induced endocrine changes were tested in rats. α₂ adrenoceptor blockers were used for enhancing activation of the adrenergic system, and changes in aggressiveness were tested in resident-intruder contests. Three experiments were conducted. In experiment 1, saline injected rats responded to the presence of an opponent by aggression and the increase in plasma ACTH and corticosterone. Intraperitoneal administration of 1 mg/kg CH-38083 (an α₂ adrenoceptor antagonist) produced a several fold increase in clinch fighting and mutual upright scores, and also further enhanced the plasma ACTH and corticosterone response. In experiment 2, the effect of three doses (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg) of three different α₂ adrenoceptor blockers CH-38083, idazoxan and yohimbine were tested. All the substances increased aggression at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg; at 2 mg/kg the effect of idazoxan and yohimbine disappeared, while with CH-38083 an additional increase was obtained. In yohimbine treated animals the enhancement of aggression was reduced already at 1 mg/kg. In experiment 3, indomethacin, a potent inhibitor of the catecholamine-induced ACTH release completely abolished the effects of the α₂ adrenoceptor antagonist CH-38083: the intensity of agonistic interactions, as well as ACTH and corticosterone plasma concentrations, returned to control levels. The possible role of catecholamines and the stress hormones in the activation of aggression is discussed.     

Characterization of a highly polymorphic marker adjacent to the SLC4A1 gene and of kidney immunostaining in a family with distal renal tubular acidosis.

BACKGROUND: Mutations in the human SLC4A1 (AE1/band 3) gene are associated with hereditary spherocytic anaemia and with distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA). The molecular diagnosis of AE1 mutations has been complicated by the absence of highly polymorphic genetic markers, and the pathogenic mechanisms of some dRTA-associated AE1 mutations remain unclear. Here, we characterized a polymorphic dinucleotide repeat close to the human AE1 gene and performed an immunocytochemical study of kidney tissue from a patient with inherited dRTA with a defined AE1 mutation. METHODS: One CA repeat region was identified in a phage P1-derived artificial chromosome (PAC) clone containing most of the human AE1 gene and the upstream flanking region. We determined its heterozygosity value in multiple populations by PCR analysis. Genotyping of one family with dominant dRTA identified the AE1 R589H mutation, and family member genotypes were compared with the CA repeat length. AE1 and vH(+)-ATPase polypeptides in kidney tissue from an AE1 R589H patient were examined by immunocytochemistry for the first time. RESULTS: This CA repeat, previously reported as D17S1183, is approximately 90 kb upstream of the AE1 gene and displayed considerable length polymorphism, with small racial differences, and a heterozygosity value of 0.56. The allele-specific length of this repeat confirmed co-segregation of the AE1 R589H mutation with the disease phenotype in a family with dominant dRTA. Immunostaining of the kidney cortex from one affected member with superimposed chronic pyelonephritis revealed vH(+)-ATPase-positive intercalated cells in which AE1 was undetectable, and proximal tubular epithelial cells with apparently enhanced apical vH(+)-ATPase staining. CONCLUSIONS: The highly polymorphic dinucleotide repeat adjacent to the human AE1 gene may be useful for future studies of disease association and haplotype analysis. Intercalated cells persist in the end-stage kidney of a patient with familial autosomal dominant dRTA associated with the AE1 R589H mutation. The absence of detectable AE1 polypeptide in those intercalated cells supports the genetic prediction that the AE1 R589H mutation indeed causes dominant dRTA.     

Selective degeneration of CA1 pyramidal cells by chronic application of bismuth

The heavy metal bismuth induces a new type of selective neuronal degeneration that shares some common aspects with that seen following hypoxia and ischemia. Continuous application of 3 μm bismuth to organotypic cultures of rat hippocampus resulted after 2–3 weeks in selective degeneration of CA1 pyramidal cells, while CA3 pyramidal cells, dentate granule cells, and subicular neurons were resistant. With 10 μm MK-801, a noncompetitive NMDA-antagonist, during the entire culturing period failed to prevent neuronal degeneration induced by 3 μm bismuth. GABA-immunoreactive interneurons were also affected by bismuth, but were generally less sensitive than CA1 pyramidal cells. Acute application of up to 100 μm bismuth did not change the electrophysiological properties of CA1 pyramidal cells. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.