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1.
E M Sacks L L Fajardo B J Hillman G W Drach J A Gaines H R Claypool N J Clinger D J Fillmore K R Hunt G D Pond 《The Journal of urology》1990,144(6):1341-1346
Most publications citing the effectiveness of renal extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy have used plain abdominal radiography to assess residual calculi after treatment. We compared radiologist sensitivity and specificity in the detection of calculi on plain abdominal radiographs versus conventional film-screen and digital renal tomograms in extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy patients. Of the patients 50 were imaged before and within 24 hours after lithotripsy. Six radiologists evaluated the resultant 300 studies for the presence and location of calculi. The mean sensitivity for digital tomograms was 83% for pre-lithotripsy and post-lithotripsy studies, which was significantly higher than for plain abdominal radiography and conventional tomography after lithotripsy. However, there were significantly more false positive stone diagnoses associated with digital tomogram interpretation. Signal detection analysis verified the over-all superiority of digital tomography for post-extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy imaging. Calculus detection by conventional and digital tomography is superior to detection by plain abdominal radiography. However, because we did not perform delayed imaging, it is not possible to say what impact digital tomography might have on the management of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy patients. 相似文献
2.
Noel R. Fajardo Filippo Cremonini Dr Nicholas J. Talley 《American Journal of Cancer》2006,5(5):319-330
In patients with cancer, constipation is a common complication. However, unlike in the general population, the impact of the symptoms of constipation on the quality of life in cancer patients is often greater. More importantly, in patients who are in the more advanced stages of the disease, constipation may also be suggestive of disease progression. Constipation as a symptom in this population is of significant importance as it may lead to life-threatening complications, i.e. bowel perforation due to fecal impaction. Therefore, in this regard, this problem deserves particular attention, as early recognition and management of complications may prevent further physical deterioration. This review aims to provide an overview of the management of constipation in patients with cancer. A symptom-based criteria definition for chronic constipation and prevalence of the problem in cancer patients provides a brief introduction. For the initial assessment and evaluation of constipation in cancer patients, an algorithm is described. The different possible etiologies of constipation in cancer patients are also discussed. Regarding therapeutic management, guidelines and recommendations for the use of different types of laxatives, stool softeners, suppositories and rectal enemas, prokinetic agents, antidepressant medications, and miscellaneous agents are succinctly discussed. Management of fecal impaction and opioid-induced bowel dysfunction are also described. Lastly, a brief overview of the management of acute colonic pseudo-obstruction and surgical or endoscopic options for large bowel obstruction are described. 相似文献
3.
For the first time in Uruguay the frequency of moderate to heavy colonization of the upper respiratory tract by Streptococcus pneumoniae was investigated in children with acute respiratory infections (n = 717) and in healthy controls (n = 564). Serotypes of S. pneumoniae were identified as colonizing and invasive strains and their susceptibility to antibiotics was determined. Semiquantitative cultures of nasopharyngeal aspirates yielded 42.1% of positives in ambulatory patients and 15.2% in controls. Throat swabs from hospitalized children and matched controls revealed, respectively, 18.4 and 11.5% colonization. Different sampling and culture procedures were evaluated. Seasonal variations in colonization were also detected. Geographic variations in serotype frequency and distribution were assessed. Serotype 14 was predominant among invasive and colonizing strains in patients. Ten serotypes, included in the 23-valent S. pneumoniae vaccine, were not detected. Intermediate resistance to penicillin was seldom observed, but 37.2% of the invasive strains were resistant to cotrimoxazole, indicating the need for a permanent surveillance of isolates to antibiotic susceptibility. 相似文献
4.
Effect of Population Aging on the International Organ Donation Rates and the Effectiveness of the Donation Process 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
N. Cuende J. I. Cuende J. Fajardo J. Huet M. Alonso 《American journal of transplantation》2007,7(6):1526-1535
This study analyzed the effect of population aging on organ donation for transplants in 43 countries and on the effectiveness of the donation process by comparing the results between Spain and the United States. The percentage of the population aged 65 or over accounted for 33% of the difference in the donation rates between the countries and for 91% of the variation in the rates after age adjustment. However, the level of aging of the Spanish (16.5%) and American (12.3%) populations failed to account for the percentages of deceased donors 65 or over (28% vs. 10%), due to the different age-specific donation rates, much higher in Spain above 50 years. These differences lead to a higher effectiveness of the process in the United States (3.1 transplanted organs per donor vs. 2.5 in Spain), though at lower rates of transplant per million population (73 vs. 87). We conclude that older populations have a greater donation potential as donation rates are strongly associated with population aging. It should therefore be mandatory to adjust donation rates for age before making comparisons. Additionally, effectiveness decreases with older donors, so age should be considered when establishing standards relating to organ donation and effectiveness of the process. 相似文献
5.
The SRY gene on the short arm of the Y chromosome is necessary for male development. Without SRY, patients with 46,XY karyotype develop as females, fail to achieve normal puberty and have dysgenic gonads and a high incidence of gonadoblastoma. Here we report a female fetus, aborted at 17 weeks of pregnancy, with a non-mosaic 46,X,del(Y)(p11.2).ish del(Y)(SRY-) karyotype diagnosed by classical cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Ovarian tissue was full of oocytes and mitotic figures. FISH studies of ovarian tissues with X and Y centromere probes revealed extensive sex chromosome mosaicism, manifested by loss of the Y chromosome and polysomy of the X chromosome. We propose that X chromosome polysomy is a post-zygotic event that arises to facilitate gonadal differentiation in the absence of all factors necessary for normal gonadal development. 相似文献
6.
Primary cutaneous cryptococcosis: review and morphologic study 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
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