排序方式: 共有37条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Youth suicide constitutes a considerable public health problem in many European countries. Suicide mortality in adolescents and young adults has increased during the 1980s and 1990s in several European countries and predominantly in young males. This paper summarises the international discussion on potential reasons for these trends, including changes in ascertainment practices, in the prevalence of psychopathology (mainly depression and substance abuse), in psychosocial and socio-economic conditions and in the methods chosen for suicidal behaviour. Potential reasons for the gender differences in trends are scrutinised. 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
5.
Mittendorfer-Rutz E Rasmussen F Wasserman D 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2008,43(1):28-36
Introduction Familial clustering of suicidal behaviour and psychopathology has been reported in young suicide attempters. Most of these
studies were predominantly carried out in clinical treatment settings and lacked statistical power to assess the independent
and modifying influences of own and familial psychopathology and suicidal behaviour.
Methods We carried out a population-based record-linkage study with a nested case control design. The 14,440 individuals hospitalised
due to suicide attempt (cases) and 144,400 matched controls were born in Sweden between 1968 and 1980 and followed up till
December 31, 1999.
Results Among the strongest independent familial risk factors for youth suicide attempt were siblings’ (OR 3.4; 2.8–4.1), maternal
(OR 2.7; 2.5–3.1) and paternal (OR 1.9; 1.7–2.1) suicide attempt. Other important risk factors were familial personality and
substance abuse disorders, maternal schizophrenia, non-affective psychoses and organic disorders and parental neurotic, stress-related
and somatoform disorders (1.9–3.2 fold increase), and paternal (OR 1.9; 1.6–2.3) and maternal (OR 1.8; 1.3–2.4) suicide completion.
Mental illnesses in index subjects, particularly substance abuse, affective and personality disorders, were the dominant determinants
of suicide attempt. Strong interactions were observed between psychopathology in index subjects and familial suicidality.
Familial suicide completion had a stronger effect on suicide attempt of earlier onset and on boys. Nearly half (47%) of all
suicide attempts could be attributed to familial psychopathology (13%), family suicide attempt (7%) and suicide completion
(1%) and own psychopathology (25%).
Conclusion Early recognition and adequate treatment of individual mental illness contribute to prevent youth suicide attempts. Children
of parents with psychopathology and suicidal behaviour should receive early support and attention. Evaluation of familial
suicidal behaviour seems to be vital for suicide risk assessment in young psychiatric inpatients. There appears to be an independent
effect of familial suicidal behaviour as well as familial psychopathology on youth suicide attempt beyond the transmission
of mental illness. 相似文献
6.
G L Ellenor S Zimmerman J Kriz 《Journal of the American Dental Association (1939)》1978,97(3):491-495
In institutions for mentally disabled persons, dental care of the patient is often difficult because of uncooperative behavior. Premedication is sometimes necessary. The mentally disabled patient frequently receives other medication for behavioral control, cerebral palsy, seizures, or the like, that may interact with the dental premedication. Because of the problems that may develop, a program between an institution's dental department and a university's clinical pharmacy department was developed that provided an approach to the selection of premedication for the dental patient who is mentally disabled. 相似文献
7.
Zisook S Chentsova-Dutton YE Smith-Vaniz A Kline NA Ellenor GL Kodsi AB Gillin JC 《The Journal of clinical psychiatry》2000,61(3):203-208
BACKGROUND: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a highly prevalent and often chronic disorder among combat veterans, persisting in as many as 15% of Vietnam veterans for at least 20 years. Treatment response in veterans with combat-related PTSD has been disappointing. Although anxiolytics, anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, and antidepressants have been tried, none has been consistently associated with improvement in all primary symptom domains (i.e., intrusive recollections, avoidance/numbing, and hyperarousal). This open-label study evaluated the use of nefazodone in a group of Vietnam veterans with chronic, treatment-refractory symptoms of PTSD. METHOD: Male outpatients with DSM-IV PTSD who had failed a minimum of 3 previous medication trials were eligible for the study. Nineteen Vietnam combat veterans entered the study and were treated with nefazodone, 100-600 mg/day, for 12 weeks. PTSD symptoms, anxiety, depression, sleep, sexual functioning, and adverse events were assessed weekly. RESULTS: Severity of depression lessened, as did PTSD symptoms of intrusive recollections, avoidance, and hyperarousal. Depressive symptom severity as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory decreased by a mean of 30%. Similarly, there was an overall drop in the intensity of PTSD symptoms as measured by the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale of 32% with a 26% improvement for symptoms of intrusion, 33% for avoidance, and 28% for arousal. In addition, improvements in sleep and sexual functioning were reported. The mean daily dose of nefazodone after 12 weeks was 430 mg (range, 200-600 mg/day). The most frequently reported side effects were headaches (53%), dry mouth (42%), and diarrhea (42%), but side effects tended to be mild and transient. CONCLUSION: In this group of Vietnam veterans with chronic treatment-refractory PTSD and multiple comorbid Axis I psychiatric disorders, nefazodone was well tolerated and effective. Larger, controlled studies are warranted. 相似文献
8.
9.
Niederkrotenthaler T Sonneck G Dervic K Nader IW Voracek M Kapusta ND Etzersdorfer E Mittendorfer-Rutz E Dorner T 《Journal of urban health》2012,89(2):339-353
Suicidal behavior on the subway often involves young people and has a considerable impact on public life, but little is known
about factors associated with suicides and suicide attempts in specific subway stations. Between 1979 and 2009, 185 suicides
and 107 suicide attempts occurred on the subway in Vienna, Austria. Station-specific suicide and suicide attempt rates (defined
as the frequency of suicidal incidents per time period) were modeled as the outcome variables in bivariate and multivariate
Poisson regression models. Structural station characteristics (presence of a surveillance unit, train types used, and construction
on street level versus other construction), contextual station characteristics (neighborhood to historical sites, size of
the catchment area, and in operation during time period of extensive media reporting on subway suicides), and passenger-based
characteristics (number of passengers getting on the trains per day, use as meeting point by drug users, and socioeconomic
status of the population in the catchment area) were used as the explanatory variables. In the multivariate analyses, subway
suicides increased when stations were served by the faster train type. Subway suicide attempts increased with the daily number
of passengers getting on the trains and with the stations’ use as meeting points by drug users. The findings indicate that
there are some differences between subway suicides and suicide attempts. Completed suicides seem to vary most with train type
used. Suicide attempts seem to depend mostly on passenger-based characteristics, specifically on the station’s crowdedness
and on its use as meeting point by drug users. Suicide-preventive interventions should concentrate on crowded stations and
on stations frequented by risk groups. 相似文献