Objectives
Our two objectives were: (1) to investigate the relationship between binge eating disorder, dimensions of personality (according to the Big Five model of Costa and McCrae) and those of emotionality in the “tripartite” model of emotions of Watson and Clark; (2) to evaluate the correspondence between the Binge Eating Scale (BES) and the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI-2) scores.Method
Four self-administered questionnaires were completed on a shared doc website: the EDI-2, the BES, the BFI-Fr (Big Five Inventory-French version) and the EPN-31 (Positive and Negative Emotionality Scale). The analyses were conducted in a sample of 101 participants (36 men and 65 women), aged 20–59 years (mean age = 35.28 ± 9.76) from the general population.Results
We found that 11% of the participants had moderate to severe binge eating disorder. Among them, nearly 4% were overweight and 4% were obese. The correlations analyses indicated that binge eating disorder was associated with two dimensions of personality, the neuroticism (P = 0.001) and the consciousness (P = 0.010), and with the emotions of joy (P = 0.008), tenderness (P = 0.036), fear (P = 0.011), shame (P < 0.001) and sadness (P = 0.009). From a comparative perspective, participants with binge eating disorder get higher scores on EDI-2 subscales: search for thinness (P = 0.001), bulimia (P < 0.001), dissatisfaction with the body (P < 0.001) and interceptive awareness (P < 0.001).Conclusion
These results suggest that binge eating disorder is associated with negative affectivity both as a personality dimension and as an emotional feeling. The patterns of associations, observed with the EDI scale, seem to confirm the good convergent validity of the Binge Eating Scale. Thus, like other eating disorders, emotional functioning should be a prime target for prevention and treatment. 相似文献Objective
Expressed Emotion has been called a “black box”, since little is known about contributing factors. The aim of this study was to examine which parental and which patient/illness-related characteristics contribute to maternal and paternal Expressed Emotion levels.Method
Sixty adolescent girls with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and their parents completed instruments that evaluate characteristics of the adolescent's illness and patient/parental psychological characteristics (depression; anxiety; obsession–compulsion; social anxiety and alexithymia). The following illness-related characteristics were recorded: age at AN onset, duration of illness, AN subtype (restrictive AN-R vs. purging type AN-B), current Body Mass Index (BMI) (in kg/m2), minimum lifetime BMI and number of previous hospitalizations, the Global Outcome Assessment Scale total score. Levels of Expressed Emotion were assessed for the two parents using the Five-Minute Speech Sample.Results
Less than 30% of the parents in our sample expressed high levels of Critical EE and Emotional Over-Involvement. Our main findings indicate that maternal Criticism (Critical EE levels, Critical Comments, Dissatisfaction) and the sub-dimensions of maternal Emotional Over-Involvement (EOI EE) (Statement of loving Attitudes and Excessive Details about the past) were related both to the severity of the daughters' clinical state and to maternal psychological functioning. Only paternal levels of anxiety explained paternal Dissatisfaction, EOI EE and Statement of loving Attitudes.Discussion
Parental psychological functioning and the severity of the daughters' clinical state have an impact on the family relationships. These elements should be targeted by individual treatment for parents where necessary, and by psycho-educational sessions about Anorexia Nervosa for parents generally. 相似文献Background
The use of illicit substances, in particular cannabis, among French adolescents and young adults has become an important public health concern. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in pathological substance use is nowadays critical. Psychiatric comorbidities have been previously reported in adult substance abusers but are less documented in adolescents, especially regarding cannabis dependence.Objectives
We investigated mental health problems in adolescents and young adults, seeking treatment for their problematic cannabis use, comparatively to healthy controls, taking into account the participant's gender and age. Moreover, we explored the relationships between psychiatric diagnosis and substance use modalities.Methods
In total, 100 young patients (80 males – mean age 18.2 (SD = 2.9; [14 to 25] years old)) with a cannabis dependence (DSM-IV-TR criteria) seeking treatment in an addiction unit, and 82 healthy control subjects (50 males – mean age 18.3 (SD = 3.4; [14 to 25] years old)) with no substance misuse diagnostic other than for alcohol, participated in the study. The MINI was administered to evaluate cannabis dependence, and DSM-IV axis I comorbid diagnosis, and a semi-structured interview was used to determine psychoactive substance use.Results
Statistical analyses revealed that 79 % of the patients reported at least one other non-drug or alcohol comorbid diagnosis, versus 30.5 % in the control group (χ2 = 16.83; P < 0.001). Logistic regression indicated that participants with a psychiatric diagnosis had an 8.6 times higher risk (P < 0.001; OR 95 % CI = [4.38–16.81]) of being patients. Significant inter-group differences and OR were noted for several diagnoses: dysthymia over the previous 2 years (χ2 = 14.06; P < 0.001; OR = 10.63; OR 95 % CI = [2.41–46.87]), life-time panic attack disorder (χ2 = 4.15; P < 0.042; OR = 3.59; OR 95 % CI = [0.98–13.19]), alcohol abuse (χ2 = 47.72; P < 0.001; OR = 66.27; OR 95 % CI = [8.87–495.11]) and dependence (V = 0.230; P = 0.001) and generalized anxiety disorder (χ2 = 7.46; P = 0.006–OR = 3.57; OR 95 % CI = [1.37–9.30]). On the whole, the females (n = 20) of our clinical sample presented significantly more comorbid diagnoses than the males (n = 80) (95 % versus 75 %; χ2 = 6.25, P = 0.011). These significant gender differences were found for life-time eating disorder (V = 0.352; P = 0.007) and generalized anxiety disorder diagnoses (V = 0.278; P = 0.013). Moreover, young adult patients (19–25 years old; n = 35) presented, on the whole, significantly more comorbid diagnoses than adolescent patients (14–18 years old; n = 65) (70.8 % versus 94.3 %; χ2 = 7.58, P = 0.006). These age inter-group differences were found for several diagnoses: alcohol dependence (6.2 % versus 20 %; V = 0.211, P = 0.047), dysthymia over the past 2 years (13.8 % versus 34.3 %; χ2 = 5.73, P = 0.017) and generalized anxiety disorder (12.3 % versus 40 %; χ2 = 10.17, P = 0.001). Various associations were observed between psychiatric comorbid diagnosis and substance use indicators.Conclusion
This study demonstrates that cannabis dependence in adolescents and young adults is related to great psychological distress and puts emphasis on the importance of substance use prevention as early as middle school. Moreover, the psychiatric features of adolescents and young adults need to be taken into consideration for treatment planning. 相似文献Hikikomori is a Japanese term for social withdrawal, ranging from complete inability to venture outdoors to preferring to stay inside. The prevalence of hikikomori is high, up to 1.2% of the Japanese population, but only few studies have examined its emergence in adolescents. Therefore, we sought to identify environmental and psycho-behavioral characteristics related to hikikomori during adolescence. Parents of middle school students who underwent psychiatric outpatient treatment for hikikomori (n?=?20) and control group parents (n?=?88) completed the Child Behavior Checklist to evaluate their child’s psycho-behavioral characteristics and novel scales to evaluate environmental characteristics and hikikomori severity. Scores for all eight Child Behavior Checklist subscales were significantly higher in the experimental group. Multiple regression analysis revealed that “anxious/depressed,” “somatic complaints,” “lack of communication between parents” and “overuse of the Internet” were significant predictors of hikikomori severity. These findings can help identify individuals who are at risk of developing hikikomori.
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