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The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and localization of focal areas of sparing in a population of patients with fatty infiltration (steatosis) of the liver. We also sought to determine if the blood supply of the gallbladder has an effect on fatty infiltration of the liver adjacent to it. We studied 290 patients with sonographic signs of fatty infiltration of the liver with gray scale sonography. In 58 of the patients, the gallbladder had been removed previously. A zone of focal sparing was found in 67% of patients with liver steatosis (78% in patients with an intact gallbladder versus 33% in patients with previous cholecystectomy). In patients with an intact gallbladder, segments 4 and 5 were spared most often. These segments were rarely spared in patients with previous cholecystectomy. Other sites of focal sparing were observed with the same frequency in the two groups. We conclude that focal sparing occurs frequently in patients with liver steatosis, especially in segments 4 and 5. When the gallbladder is absent, areas of focal sparing are less frequent, and they rarely involve segments 4 and 5. This suggests that the blood supply of the gallbladder plays a role in the distribution of the fat in the adjacent liver. Focal sparing might serve as an additional sign in the diagnosis of steatosis of the liver, especially in patients with an intact gallbladder. 相似文献
6.
J Bia?ek A Denys M Kowalska T Szyd?owska 《Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis》1985,33(6):735-739
The influence of ISO, the antiviral drug of immunomodulating activity, on the course of experimental influenza infections and mixed, viral-bacterial infections was studied. Spleen leukocytes migration inhibition test, performed in vitro in the presence of specific antigens stimulating influence of the drug administered to the infected animals was observed. 相似文献
7.
J Bia?ek A Denys M Kowalska I Ciebiada T Szyd?owska 《Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis》1989,37(3-4):421-430
This paper is the continuation of earlier studies on the effect of the killed suspension of Corynebacterium parvum in influenza virus infected mice. Our investigation showed the normalized effect of these drugs on disturbed function of cell mediated immunity during experimental influenza infection especially in phagocytic and bactericidal activity of granulocytes. The present experiments concern the explanation of these infection mechanisms. Intraperitoneal injection of Corynebacterium parvum stimulated spleen index. Foot pad test is higher than in comparatively treated BCG group. The pathomorphological analysis of the spleen, thymus and peritoneal lymph nodes points out to the multiplication of multiple lymph nodes sinus cells. Generally, C. parvum possessed protective effect in experimental influenza infection. We tested the following parameters: phagocytic and bactericidal activity of granulocytes, liberation of leukocytes migration inhibition factor (LIF). 相似文献
8.
N K Childers S M Michalek J H Eldridge F R Denys A K Berry J R McGhee 《Journal of immunological methods》1989,119(1):135-143
Novel approaches to drug delivery and induction of immune responses using liposomes have received much attention in recent years. Liposomes, however, are not a singular entity, but can be produced with a diverse group of phospholipids that form microspheres of different sizes, physical structure, electrochemical characteristics, and most importantly, physiologic properties. The purpose of this study was to establish the usefulness of flow cytometry as a convenient, rapid method for assessing the relative size and uniformity of liposomal preparations. Liposomes were made from phospholipid suspensions by sonication alone, or sonication followed by microemulsification. Forward laser light scatter (FSC) analysis of liposomal preparations by flow cytometry indicated that microemulsification produced homogeneous, small vesicles which were less than 1 micron in diameter, compared to the more heterogeneous sized liposomes generated by sonication alone. Transmission electron micrographs of the liposomal preparations were used to confirm the FSC results and showed that liposomes prepared by microemulsification were homogeneous, unilamellar vesicles which exhibited a mean diameter of 99.8 nm, whereas the sonicated-only preparation was more heterogeneous in size, exhibiting a mean diameter of 154.1 nm. Analysis of various liposome preparations by FSC during a 9 week storage period showed that small vesicles were relatively stable. We conclude that flow cytometry using FSC analysis provides a rapid, reproducible and convenient method to evaluate the relative size, uniformity and stability of liposomes. 相似文献
9.
There are several methodological difficulties in the assessment of the effectiveness of rehabilitation in stroke patients. Obviously, double-blind studies are not possible, and only single-blind procedures can used. It is difficult to control for non specific effects, such as spontaneous recovery, patient's and therapist's motivation, social environment. It is necessary to assess the effect non only at the level of impairments, but also on disability and handicap. However, there are now accumulating data in the literature suggesting that stroke rehabilitation has a significant, although mild, effectiveness. Patients treated in specialized stroke rehabilitation units obtain a better outcome, in terms of independence in daily-life activities, than those treated in general wards. They also have shorter hospitalisation durations and are more frequently able to return home. Treatment effectiveness is related to intensity and duration of rehabilitation, and also to stroke severity. Patients with moderate impairments seem to benefit more from treatment than patients with mild or severe deficits. However, significant improvements can still be obtained in very severe cases, and even late (up to two years) post stroke. Similarly, rehabilitation of cognitive deficits (aphasia and unilateral neglect) has also been found efficient in most studies, even if the beneficial effect is relatively small. Aphasic patients treated by speech therapists improve more than patients treated by non specialized therapists or by family members who received a short training. One limitation of neglect rehabilitation is the inconsistent generalisation of treatment effects to daily-life situations. These data are encouraging but further research is needed to find out what precisely works, and how, in the "black box" of rehabilitation. 相似文献
10.
Imaging of blunt chest trauma 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
In western European countries most blunt chest traumas are associated with motor vehicle and sport-related accidents. In
Switzerland, 39 of 10,000 inhabitants were involved and severely injured in road accidents in 1998. Fifty two percent of them
suffered from blunt chest trauma. According to the Swiss Federal Office of Statistics, traumas represented in men the fourth
major cause of death (4 %) after cardiovascular disease (38 %), cancer (28 %), and respiratory disease (7 %) in 1998. The
outcome of chest trauma patients is determined mainly by the severity of the lesions, the prompt appropriate treatment delivered
on the scene of the accident, the time needed to transport the patient to a trauma center, and the immediate recognition of
the lesions by a trained emergency team. Other determining factors include age as well as coexisting cardiac, pulmonary, and
renal diseases. Our purpose was to review the wide spectrum of pathologies related to blunt chest trauma involving the chest
wall, pleura, lungs, trachea and bronchi, aorta, aortic arch vessels, and diaphragm. A particular focus on the diagnostic
impact of CT is demonstrated.
Received: 29 November 1999; Accepted: 28 January 2000 相似文献