流行性出血热患者骨髓细胞超微结构的研究

8例流行性出血热患者骨髓细胞的超微结构研究结果发现骨髓细胞出现变性、空泡、粗面内质网及高尔基体扩张。并在胞浆中发现颗粒-丝状病毒包涵体及直径为100nm的病毒颗粒。同时胶体金免疫电镜发现骨髓细胞EHF抗原阳性,说明骨髓细胞是其繁殖、复制的场所。     

阿尔茨海默氏病和帕金森氏病对老年人认知功能及日常生活能力的影响分析

目的探讨阿尔茨海默氏病(AD)和帕金森氏病(PD)对老年人认知功能及日常生活能力的影响。方法对2000～2003年就诊于我院的53例AD、68例PD和60例正常人应用简易智力量表(MMSE)和日常生活能力量表(ADL)进行分析。结果AD组与对照组相比MMSE总分及各因子分、ADL总分及各单项分均有显著性差异(P<0.01):PD组与对照组相比除MMSE的记忆力和语言因子分以及ADL第13项目(打电话)外,其余均有显著性差异(P<0.05):AD组与PD组相比除ADL第7项(穿衣)外均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论AD和PD对老年人的认知功能和日常生活能力均有显著的影响,两者相比,AD对老年人的影响更严重、更广泛。     

5-氟尿嘧啶白及微球家兔肾动脉栓塞后体内药代动力学研究

以常规5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)注射液为对照品,研究了5-Fu白及微球家兔肾动脉栓塞后体内药代动力学过程.血药5-Fu浓度采用反相高效液相色谱法,所得血药浓度数据用3P87药代动力学程序处理.实验结果5-Fu白及微球体内过程符合二室模型,t1/2a(6.27±6.10)min,t1/2β(203.6±97.5)min,Cmax(4.8±1.9)μg/ml.t1/2a,t1/2β均比注射剂明显延长(P<0.01).表明微球剂型具有靶向制剂长效、高效、低毒的特点.     

吉林省桦甸市卫氏并殖吸虫的类型及流行病学调查

本文对卫氏并殖吸虫在桦甸地区居民、哺乳动物和蝲蛄的感染进行调查。对囊蚴和虫卵大小及染色体类型进行观察,结合临床症状进行分析。结果:第一中间宿主:五个点的蝲蛄感染率均为100%,感染度除二道甸子稍低外,其余四个点感染度达99~160个/蝲蛄;居民及中小学生的皮试阳性率为25.1%,ELISA阳性率为54%,对重点疑似病人进行痰检阳性率为2.2%,大部分皮试阳性及ELISA阳性者无明显症状和体征;囊蚴和虫卵形态及染色体:囊蚴大小平均为315~356μm,虫卵为60.6~70.1×48.2~47.4μm,成虫标本受精囊明显可见,有丝和减数分裂象染色体数分别为22条和11条(2n=22,n=11),表明五个点的卫氏并殖吸虫为二倍体型。由人群痰检阳性率为0.4%,且大部分感染者无明显症状和体征或仅为非典型症状。提示绝大多数人的感染为“一过性”或为幼虫寄生。     

输尿管镜在尿道损伤治疗中的应用

目的探讨输尿管镜下尿道会师术治疗尿道损伤的方法与安全性。方法回顾性分析2004年8月至2010年10月应用输尿管镜下尿道会师术治疗尿道损伤患者23例的临床资料。结果 23例患者均一次会师成功,术后3～4周拔导尿管,拔管后均正常排尿;随访6～24月均排尿通畅,无勃起功能障碍及尿瘘、尿失禁发生。结论输尿管镜下尿道会师术治疗尿道损伤充分利用了腔镜微创技术,操作简单,损伤小,可达到恢复尿道连续性及引流尿液的目的,符合治疗尿道损伤原则,安全可靠。     

Carotid artery stenting versus carotid endarterectomy in the treatment of symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose: To evaluate the short-term and intermediate- to long-term efficacy and safety of carotid artery stenting (CAS) compared with carotid endarterectomy (CEA).Materials and Methods: The published literature was electronically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) between CAS and CEA for the treatment of carotid stenosis performed from January 2000 to January 2017. The short-term and intermediate- to long-term outcomes were evaluated.Results: We identified 10 RCTs including 7,183 participants with symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Our meta-analysis found different results between the patients with and those without symptoms. In patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis, the total stroke incidence in the CAS group was significantly higher than that in the CEA group within the 30-day periprocedural period (p<0.001); however, the myocardial infarction incidence in the CAS group was significantly lower than that in the CEA group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the mortality within 30 days post-procedure, but the intermediate- to long-term incidence of stroke or death in the CAS group was higher than that of the CEA group (p<0.05). In contrast, for asymptomatic patients, there were no significant differences between the CAS and CEA groups in the short- and intermediate- to long-term outcomes.Conclusion: For patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis, CEA is associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction, whereas CAS is correlated with an increased risk of procedurally related strokes. However, for patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis, no significant difference was found in the efficacy or safety between CAS and CEA.     

Oxytocin in the regulation of social behaviours in medial amygdala‐lesioned mice via the inhibition of the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase signalling pathway

The neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of behavioural deficits among patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its role in ASD remain unclear. In the present study, a murine model with ASD‐like phenotypes was induced by intra‐medial amygdala injection of N‐methyl‐d ‐aspartate, and it was used to investigate the role of OXT in behaviour regulation. Behavioural tests were performed to verify the ASD‐like phenotypes of N‐methyl‐d ‐aspartate‐treated mice, and the results showed that mice with bilateral medial amygdala lesions presented significant behavioural deficits, including impaired learning and memory and increased anxiety and depression. We also observed a notably decreased level of OXT in both the plasma and the hypothalamus of medial amygdala‐lesioned mice, and the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) was activated. Further studies demonstrated that the administration of OXT alleviated ASD‐like symptoms and significantly inhibited phosphorylation of ERK; the inhibitory effect was similar to that of U0126, an ERK signalling inhibitor. In addition, OXT administration modulated the expression of downstream proteins of the ERK signalling pathway, such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding and c‐fos. Taken together, our data indicate that OXT plays an important role in ameliorating behavioural deficits in an ASD‐like mouse model, which was mediated by inhibiting the ERK signalling pathway and its downstream proteins.     

Epidemiological,Clinical, Radiological Characteristics and Outcomes of Medical Staff with COVID-19 in Wuhan,China: Analysis of 101 Cases

Objectives: As of 11 Feb 2020, a total of 1,716 medical staff infected with laboratory-confirmed the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) in China had been reported. The predominant cause of the infection among medical staff remains unclear. We sought to explore the epidemiological, clinical characteristics and prognosis of infected medical staff.Methods: Medical staff who infected with SARS-Cov-2 and admitted to Union Hospital, Wuhan between 16 Jan to 25 Feb, 2020 were included in this single-centered, retrospective study. Data were compared by occupation and analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression methods.Results: A total of 101 medical staff (32 males and 69 females; median age: 33) were included in this study and 74.3% were nurses. A small proportion of the cohort had contact with specimens (3%) as well as patients infected with SARS-Cov-2 in fever clinics (15%) and isolation wards (3%). 80% of medical staff showed abnormal IL-6 levels and 33% had lymphocytopenia. Chest CT mainly manifested as bilateral (62%), septal/subpleural (77%) and groundglass opacities (48%). The major differences between doctors and nurses manifested in laboratory indicators. As of the last observed date, no patient was transferred to intensive care unit or died. Fever (HR=0.57; 95% CI 0.36-0.90) and IL-6 levels greater than 2.9 pg/ml (HR=0.50; 95% CI 0.30-0.86) were unfavorable factors for discharge.Conclusions: Our findings suggested that the infection of medical staff mainly occurred at the early stages of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Wuhan, and only a small proportion of infection had an exact mode. Meanwhile, medical staff infected with COVID-19 have relatively milder symptoms and favorable clinical course than ordinary patients, which may be partly due to their medical expertise, younger age and less underlying diseases. The potential risk factors of fever and IL-6 levels greater than 2.9 pg/ml could help to identify medical staff with poor prognosis at an early stage.     

Intrinsic non-hub connectivity predicts human inter-temporal decision-making

Inter-temporal decision-making is ubiquitous in daily life and has been considered as a critical characteristic associated with an individual’s success. Such decisions require us to tradeoff between short-term and long-term benefits. Prior studies have indicated that inter-temporal decision involves various brain regions that tend to occupy the central hubs. However, it is unclear whether the functional connectivities among hub as well as non-hub regions can predict discounting behaviors. Here, we combined with graph-theoretical algorithm and multivariate pattern analysis to explore whether voxel-wise functional connectivity strength in the whole brain could predict discounting rates (indexed as logk, based on the adaptive delay-discounting task) in a relatively large sample (n = 429) of young adults. Results revealed that short- and long-distance as well as all-range non-hub functional connectivity strength in the limbic system (i.e., medial orbitofrontal cortex and parahippocampus) were inversely associated with discounting rates. Furthermore, these results were robust and did not appear to be due to potential confounding factors. Above weight-based degree metric is commonly indicative of the communication pattern of local and global parallel information processing, and it therefore provides novel insights into the neural mechanisms underlying inter-temporal decision-making from the perspective of human brain topological organizations.