Neuroanatomical associations of the Edinburgh cognitive and Behavioural ALS screen (ECAS)

Brain Imaging and Behavior - Cognitive impairment is now recognized in a subset of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The objective of the study was to identify group differences...     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间医院门诊药房防控管理实践

目的加强医院门诊药房应对新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情的防控管理措施。方法根据医院相关规定和要求,在保障患者和药师安全的基础上,结合门诊药房疫情防控实践,梳理具体处置措施。结果在疫情防控期间,医院门诊药房通过成立督导小组,向员工普及COVID-19相关知识,窗口运行精细化管理,开展互联网+药品配送服务等措施,至今已服务20万余人次,无员工感染及疑似感染新型冠状病毒。结论医院门诊药房在COVID-19疫情期间的防控管理措施,可提升患者和员工疫情期间的安全,保障门诊药房的正常运转。     

卡维地洛改善充慢性心力衰竭患者心功能的临床研究

目的：观察卡维地洛(Carvedilol)治疗慢性心力衰竭(CHF)的临床疗效。方法：将80例NYHA心功能Ⅱ～Ⅳ级CHF患者随机分为两组：Carvedilol组40例,采用常规治疗(ACEI、利尿剂、血管扩张剂、有或无洋地黄)+Carvedilol；Betaloc组40例,常规治疗+Betaloc。随访1～2年,观察两组治疗前后血流动力学、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、6min步行距离(6-MWD)及心功能变化。结果：两组治疗后心率(HR)、收缩压(SBP)、心肌耗氧量(HR×SBP)、LVEDD、LVESD、LVEF、左室短轴缩短分数(LVFS)、NYHA心功能分级均较治疗前显著改善(P＜0．01),而Carvedilol组在血流动力学及心功能改善上较Betaloc组更明显(P＜0．05)；但治疗后组间HR降低无显著差异(P＞0．05)。两组治疗后6-MWD也均较治疗前显著增加(P＜0．01),尤其Carvedilol组(P＜0．05)。Carvedilol组无不良反应出现。结论：联用Carvedilol治疗CHF安全有效。     

颅内多发动脉瘤的外科治疗(附16例报告)

目的 :探讨颅内多发动脉瘤的发生率、治疗原则和预后。　 方法 :分析我科手术治疗的颅内动脉瘤 2 0 6例 ,其中颅内多发动脉瘤 16例 ,占总数的 7.8%。 15例有两个动脉瘤 ,1例有 3个动脉瘤。 33个动脉瘤中 ,后交通动脉瘤占 75.8% ,眼动脉瘤占 12 .1% ,前交通动脉瘤和大脑中动脉动脉瘤分别占 9.1%和 3.0 %。均有蛛网膜下腔出血史。一期手术处理所有动脉瘤 14例 ,分期手术处理 2个动脉瘤 1例 ,另 1例仅处理 1个动脉瘤。　 结果 :优良 15例 ,轻残 1例。　 结论 :尽可能一期手术处理所有动脉瘤 ,预后较好     

年尔康抗衰老与超氧化物歧化酶活性的研究

年尔康抗衰作用的设想系依据中医肾为先天之本、脾为后天之本的脾肾观点,组方为何首乌、枸杞、杜仲和山楂等中药制成的密丸。经成分分析证明它含有人体必需的铁、锌和锰等微量元素。临床应用指出该方荆具有健身强体和缓解多种衰老病症之功效。本实验通过60例有中医脾肾虚见证的初老者连续服用,对其体内低下的抗衰老酶 SOD_s 活力有明显的增强作用(P<0.05～0.01),对超氧阴离子自由基 O_1~-作用产物 LPO 的生成也有较明显的抑制效应(P<0.05)。这个结果指出年尔康的抗衰可能与其抑制和消除体内超氧阴离子自由基对细胞膜的损害有关。     

6Gyγ射线照射诱导骨髓造血细胞凋亡

研究凋亡在射线损伤造血功能中的作用。方法用原位末端标记（ＩＳＥＬ）、电镜技术和流式细胞术，研究６Ｇｙγ射线照射后小鼠骨髓造血细胞（ＢＭＨＣｓ）的凋亡。结果在体射线损伤后，除细胞坏死外，骨髓造血细胞的形态学变化还与凋亡的特点相符。时效关系的研究显示射线照射后８小时ＢＭＨＣ凋亡发生率达最高水平（约３０％），之后有所下降。结论射线损伤造血功能的主要途径之一是诱导细胞发生凋亡     

放烧复合伤后白细胞介素-3基因的表达

为了进一步探讨放射损伤和放烧复合伤引起造血功能障碍的机理，研究了作为造血调控的重要细胞因子——白细胞介素－３（ＩＬ－３）基因在放射损伤、烧伤、放烧复合伤后不同时相点基因表达的变化。方法ｍＲＮＡ抽提、分子杂交、细胞培养、ＩＬ－３生物活性测定、３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ参与实验等生物技术方法。结果放射损伤后ＩＬ－３基因的表达受到明显抑制，照射后第３，１４天表达的ＩＬ－３ｍＲＮＡ减少了７７％，２１％；ＩＬ－３蛋白减少了８３％，３６％。烧伤对ＩＬ－３基因表达的影响呈双相性，烧伤后第３天ＩＬ－３表达受到抑制；烧伤后第１４天ＩＬ－３的表达增强；放烧复合伤后ＩＬ－３的表达受到抑制，其抑制程度介于放射损伤与烧伤之间，各观察组ＩＬ－３基因表达的变化与骨髓有核细胞数的变化呈平行关系。结论放射损伤、放烧复合伤后ＩＬ－３基因表达被抑制可能是急性放射病引起造血功能障碍的原因之一。     

Corticospinal tract degeneration in ALS unmasked in T1‐weighted images using texture analysis

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether textures computed from T1‐weighted (T1W) images of the corticospinal tract (CST) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are associated with degenerative changes evaluated by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Nineteen patients with ALS and 14 controls were prospectively recruited and underwent T1W and diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Three‐dimensional texture maps were computed from T1W images and correlated with the DTI metrics within the CST. Significantly correlated textures were selected and compared within the CST for group differences between patients and controls using voxel‐wise analysis. Textures were correlated with the patients' clinical upper motor neuron (UMN) signs and their diagnostic accuracy was evaluated. Voxel‐wise analysis of textures and their diagnostic performance were then assessed in an independent cohort with 26 patients and 13 controls. Results showed that textures autocorrelation, energy, and inverse difference normalized significantly correlated with DTI metrics (p < .05) and these textures were selected for further analyses. The textures demonstrated significant voxel‐wise differences between patients and controls in the centrum semiovale and the posterior limb of the internal capsule bilaterally (p < .05). Autocorrelation and energy significantly correlated with UMN burden in patients (p < .05) and classified patients and controls with 97% accuracy (100% sensitivity, 92.9% specificity). In the independent cohort, the selected textures demonstrated similar regional differences between patients and controls and classified participants with 94.9% accuracy. These results provide evidence that T1‐based textures are associated with degenerative changes in the CST.