Neuron transplantation into mice hippocampus alters sensitivity to barbital narcosis

The role of several hippocampal innervations in the sensitivity to barbital-induced narcosis was studied in selected mice strains. The outbred and inbred mouse strains HS/Ibg, SABRA/HUC, C57BL, CBA/LAC, and BALB/c were tested for barbital-induced sleep (315 mg/kg). The relatively short sleeping HS/Ibg (HS) and the longest sleeping BALE/c (BALE) were chosen for further investigation. Cholinergic (ACh), serotonergic (5-HT), and noradrenergic (NE) innervations were studied in HS strain; whereas BALE, which possesses both an unusually high sensitivity to barbital and unique NE innervations in the cortex and hippocampus, was employed in a detailed study of the NE innervations. Transplantation of embryonic NE cells from the mouse embryo into the hippocampus of adult HS mice increased barbital narcosis by 65% (p < 0.05), whereas transplantation of 5-HT cells decreased barbital narcosis by 54% (p < 0.001). Transplantation of ACh cells had no significant effect on barbital-induced narcosis. BALB mice were subjected to NE cell transplantation into the hippocampus and cortex. Similarly to HS, BALB receiving NE transplants into their hippocampus slept 34% longer than control after barbital challenge (p < 0.025). Noradrenergic cell transplantation into frontal cortex had no effect on barbital sleep. The results suggest that (a) enhancement by neural grafting of the NE innervation to the hippocampus accentuates and enhancement of the 5-HT innervations attenuates the sensitivity to barbital narcosis, whereas ACh innervations have no effect on the sensitivity to barbital narcosis, and (b) the unusually high sensitivity of BALB mice to barbital may not be related to its unique NE innervations.     

Childhood Malignant Thymoma: Clinical, Therapeutic, and Immunohistochemical Considerations

Malignant thymomas are among the least common mediastinal tumors in the pediatric age group. Thymomas are considered malignant on the basis of macroscopic and microscopic invasiveness. As only 20 well-documented cases involving children have been reported in the literature, the pattern of responsiveness to therapy and the value of prognostic signs is obscure. Two cases of malignant pediatric thymomas are reported with pathognomonic histoimmunological features of aggressive thymoma. One was cured, with a follow-up of 70 months, and one died while on therapy. Analysis of the histological features and the immunoperoxidase staining displays the complexity of pediatric thymomas and the inability to prognosticate the outcome, respectively.