国产rhGH的免疫原性及其对临床疗效的影响

目的　通过测定生长激素缺乏症 (GHD)患儿用国产重组人生长激素 (recom bined hum angrowth horm one,rh GH)治疗时血清生长激素抗体 (GH- Ab)水平及其结合特性 ,探讨 rh GH的免疫原性及其对疗效的影响。方法　对 6 1例 (男 49例 ,女 12例 ) GHD患儿用国产 rh GH治疗 ,每晚睡前皮下注射 rh GH 0 .1IU /kg共6个月 ;用放射免疫法测定治疗期间患儿血清 GH- Ab水平和滴度 ,并计算抗体结合容量、亲和常数 (Ka)。结果　48%患儿 (2 9/6 1)用药后 3个月血清 GH - Ab呈阳性至试验结束时仍未消失 ,其中 2 0例抗体为弱阳性 (结合率 <10 % ) ,9例呈强阳性 (结合率 >15 % ) ;5 2 %患儿 (32 /6 1)治疗期间抗体为阴性 ;血清 GH- Ab的结合容量、Ka及滴度均为低水平 ,分别为 (0 .1～ 4.8) pmol/L、(1.7× 10 7～ 6 .5× 10 8) L /mol和 1∶ 4～ 1∶ 8。GH- Ab阳性患儿治疗后的身高、身高增长速率及身高落后于正常 SD值的变化与同期阴性者比较无统计学差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论　本试验所用国产 rh GH对 GHD患儿身高增长具有确切的促进作用 ,其免疫原性所导致产生的 GH - Ab未对患儿体格线性增长产生负性影响     

It's all about sex: gender, lung development and lung disease.

Accumulating evidence suggests that gender affects the incidence, susceptibility and severity of several lung diseases. Gender also influences lung development and physiology. Data from both human and animal studies indicate that sex hormones might contribute to disease pathogenesis or serve as protective factors, depending on the disease involved. In this review, the influence of gender and sex hormones on lung development and pathology will be discussed, with specific emphasis on pulmonary fibrosis, asthma and cancer.     

Selection for increased pheromone response in the male pink bollworm,Pectinophora gossypiella (lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

The genetic basis of the duration and incidence of male wing fanning to pheromone in the pink bollworm moth,Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), was examined by artificial selection. Using a still-air bioassay, males from a laboratory colony were selected for increased duration of wing fanning when exposed to a 6535 blend of (Z,E)- and (Z,Z)-7,11-hexadecadienyl acetates. The mean (±SE) duration of wing fanning in the selected line increased from 5.4±1.4 to 17.4±2.7 s after six generations. The increase in wing fanning duration was the result of an increase in response duration among responders and not the percentage of males that responded. Realized heritability of wing-fanning duration was 0.16±0.02. The amount and ratio of pheromone produced by females in the male-selected line did not change.This research was supported in part by NSF Grant PCM-8309398 and a University of Massachusetts Biomedical Research Grant.     

Central nervous system neurons labelled following the injection of pseudorabies virus into the rat urinary bladder.

Pseudorabies virus was injected into the wall of the urinary bladder and, following incubation times of 2, 3 and 4 days, central nervous tissue was processed immunohistochemically for the presence of virus. Longer incubation times resulted in more extensive spread of the virus. Infected neurons were initially found in the spinal cord (mainly lumbosacral) and, after longer survival times, in raphe nuclei, reticular area, pontine micturition center, locus coeruleus, red nucleus, hypothalamus, preoptic, and cortical areas. These data define a multisynaptic circuit of neurons whose ultimate output influences urinary bladder function.     

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: an ultrastructural study by transmission and scanning electron microscopy.

The hematologic findings in three cases of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia are presented, with results of ultrastructural studies by transmission and scanning electron microscopy on two of the cases. In the peripheral blood there was a dual, non-lymphocytic, markedly increased population of granulocytes and monocytes. The granulocytes showed marked nuclear abnormality and nuclear cytoplasmic organelle asynchrony. In the marrow the majority of the cells appeared granulocytic but atypical forms and intermediate difficult to distinguish from monocyte precursors were evident by electron microscopy. The ultrastructural findings lend some support to the concept that the neoplastic granulocytes and monocytes having a common precursor.     

EEG correlates of the development of infant joint attention skills

The development of the capacity for social attention coordination, or "joint attention," is a major milestone of infancy. Data from a recent study of handicapped infants have raised the hypothesis that the tendency to initiate bids for joint attention may reflect processes associated with the frontal cortex to a greater extent than other forms of infant attention coordination (R. Caplan et al., 1993). This hypothesis was examined in a longitudinal study of 32 normally developing infants. The results indicated that EEG data at 14 months indicative of left frontal, as well as left and right central cortical activity, was associated with the tendency to initiate joint attention bids (IJA) at 14 and 18 months. In contrast, a pattern of left parietal activation and right parietal deactivation at 14 months was associated with the development of the capacity to respond to the joint attention bids (RJA) of others at 14 and 18 months. These results were interpreted to be consistent with a general anterior-posterior model of attention development (M. Posner & S. Petersen, 1990). The implications of these results for current conceptualizations of joint attention development, as well as for understanding the disturbance of joint attention skill development in autism are discussed.     

Antigenic comparison of different foot-and-mouth disease virus types using monoclonal antibodies defining multiple neutralizing epitopes on FMDV A5 subtypes

Thirteen monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were elicited with A5 Spain-86 virus, the cause of the most recent foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) outbreak in Spain. The MAbs were tested for ability to bind 140S virions and 12S protein subunits by liquid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA), and to bind VP1 capsid protein by Western immunoblot assay. One of the thirteen MAb was virion (140S) specific, seven recognized 140S and 12S subunits, one bound to 140S, 12S and VP1 and four were 12S specific. These MAbs presented varying binding patterns when tested against different FMDV subtypes and serotypes, indicating the presence of conserved and non-conserved epitopes among FMDV serotypes and subtypes. Neutralization assays, in vivo and in vitro, showed that none of the 140S specific MAbs or 12S specific MAbs were neutralizing, but notably several of the 12S specific MAbs bound to all the different FMDV serotypes and can be useful diagnostic reagent for the detection of FMDV. The remaining MAbs showed varying behavior with the different types tested: not all types to which the MAbs bound were neutralized, demonstrating that the presence of an epitope and subsequent neutralization of infectivity are not necessarily correlated. Five type A12 neutralizing MAbs, previously characterized, have been used in this work. Four bound to A5 Spain-86 virus, but only one neutralized viral infectivity. On the basis of differential reactivity and neutralization among various FMDV subtypes and serotypes, and cross-inhibition binding assays between these MAbs, seven neutralization related epitopes have been defined on A5 Spain-86 virus.