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Shock is defined as a disproportion between oxygen supply and consumption based on a deficient perfusion of vital organs. Reduction of circulating blood volume (hypovolemic shock), cardiac failure with low output (cardiac shock) or the failure of peripheral vascular resistance (distributive shock) can result in shock. Preclinically the diagnosis of shock is determined by exploration, physical examination and – some – monitoring only. Therapy is directed towards the underlying cause whilst recovery and maintenance of adequate perfusion of vitals and tissue are of primary importance. This strategy includes the application of oxygen, fluids and catecholamines. Moreover, the choice of the hospital for further therapy is crucial in case of emergency. 相似文献
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Five diammine-Pt(II) or Pt(IV) coordination compounds, namely cis-diammine-dichloro-platinum (II) "cis-DDP", transdihydroxy-cis-diammine-dichloro-platinum (IV) "trans-ODDP", and derived substitution products of lactic acid (racemates or L-forms) with diminished toxicity in comparison to cis-DDP have been tested against mouse leukemia P388, and partly on melanoma B16 for antineoplastic activity. The results have been compared with those obtained with the clinical approved cis-DDP. They were not in every way equal to the antitumor efficiency of cis-DDP. Improved physicochemical properties as well as favorable differences of side effects in contrast to cis-DDP, could be decisive for the potential value of these substances. 相似文献
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Donor insemination: child development and family functioning in lesbian mother families 总被引:1,自引:5,他引:1
Brewaeys A; Ponjaert I; Van Hall EV; Golombok S 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1997,12(6):1349-1359
Findings are presented of a comparative study investigating the family
relationships and the emotional and gender development of children raised
in lesbian mother families. A total of 30 lesbian mother families with 4-8
year old children created as a result of donor insemination (DI) were
compared with 38 heterosexual families with a DI child and with 30
heterosexual families who had a naturally conceived child. A variety of
assessment measures, including a standardized interview and questionnaires
from the parents and psychological testing of the child were used to
collect the data. The quality of the couples' relationships and the quality
of the mother-child interaction did not differ between lesbian mother
families and either of the heterosexual family groups. The quality of the
interaction between the social mother and the child in lesbian families was
superior to that between the father and the child in both groups of
heterosexual families. Childrens' own perception of their parents was
similar in all family types; the social mother in lesbian families was
regarded by the child to be as much a 'parent' as the father in both types
of heterosexual families. With regard to their emotional/behavioural
development, boys and girls raised in lesbian mother families were well
adjusted and their gender role development did not differ from that of
children raised in heterosexual families. These results indicate that child
and family development in lesbian mother families is similar to that of
heterosexual families.
相似文献
10.
Donor insemination: Dutch parents' opinions about confidentiality and donor anonymity and the emotional adjustment of their children 总被引:1,自引:4,他引:1
Brewaeys A; Golombok S; Naaktgeboren N; de Bruyn JK; van Hall EV 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1997,12(7):1591-1597
Results from a comparative study investigating 38 donor insemination (DI)
Dutch families with 4-8 year old children are presented. The aims of this
study were to investigate parents' opinions on the issues of
confidentiality and donor anonymity, to assess the emotional development of
the children, and to examine in DI families the association between secrecy
with regard to the use of a donor and the emotional adjustment of the
children. The DI families were compared to families with a child conceived
by in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and to families with a naturally conceived
child. Secrecy appeared to be associated with DI and not with IVF: 74% of
the DI parents intended not to inform the child about the way in which
she/he was conceived, whereas none of the IVF parents intended to keep the
secret. Only one set of DI parents and two sets of IVF parents had actually
told the child. As to donor anonymity, a spread of opinions appeared among
DI parents; 57% preferred an anonymous donor, 31% would have liked non-
identifying information about the donor, 9% preferred the donor's identity
to be registered and 3% remained unsure. Parents' major concern was to know
more about the medical/genetic background of the donor. Mothers and fathers
in the DI families differed in their opinions concerning the issues of
confidentiality and donor anonymity: fathers, more often than mothers, were
secretive with regard to the use of a donor and husbands, more often than
their wives, were in favour of donor anonymity. With regard to the
emotional development of the children, more emotional/behavioural problems
were revealed among DI children than among children who were naturally
conceived. No association was found between secrecy and the
emotional/behavioural adjustment of the children.
相似文献