四氯偶氮苯在大鼠胆汁中的分泌和代谢

四氯偶氮苯（３,３’,４,４’ｔｅｔｒａｃｈｌｏｒｏａｚｏｂｅｎｚｅｎｅ,ＴＣＡＢ）和四氯氧化偶氮苯（３,３’,４,４’ｔｅｔｒａｃｈｌｏｒｏａｚｏｘｙｂｅｎｚｅｎｅ,ＴＣＡＯＢ）是在合成氯代或二氯代苯胺类除草剂时生成的污染废弃物。此类除草剂经...     

Decremental response of the nasalis and hypothenar muscles in myasthenia gravis

Repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) is a standard diagnostic procedure in myasthenia gravis (MG). Although RNS sensitivity is highest in weak muscles, RNS is easier to perform in distal muscles that are often not affected. Twenty-five patients with MG were assessed to compare the sensitivity of RNS of the nasalis muscle to that of the hypothenar muscles. Abnormal decrement was found in hypothenar muscles in 9 patients (36%) and in the nasalis muscle in 13 patients (52%). RNS of the nasalis muscle appeared more useful to detect abnormal neuromuscular transmission in patients with oculobulbar MG (5 of 5) than hypothenar RNS (1 of 5). In patients with generalized MG, hypothenar muscles had a similar yield of abnormal RNS tests.     

Inclusion body myositis

The clinical features of inclusion body myositis (IBM) were of minor importance in the design of consensus diagnostic criteria, mainly because of controversial views on the specificity of signs and symptoms, although some authors reported "typical" signs. To re–assess the clinical spectrum of IBM, a single investigator using a standard protocol studied a cohort of 64 patients cross–sectionally. Symptom onset was before the age of 50 years in 20% of cases. Only a few patients (14 %) started with weakness other than that of quadriceps, finger flexor or pharyngeal muscles. The sequence of power loss was erratic, but onset of symptoms with quadriceps weakness predicted an earlier onset of dysphagia in older patients (≥ 56 years) compared with younger ones (< 56 years) (p = 0.02). Despite widespread weakness patients had favourable scores on three commonly used function scales and they kept their employment. Complete wheel–chair dependency was rare (3 %). A dominant characteristic was the anatomical distribution of afflicted muscles: ventral extremity muscle groups were more affected than dorsal muscle groups and girdle muscles were least affected, the latter preserving postural stability. Ankylosis, especially in extension of the fingers,was frequently present. Together with the sparing of intrinsic hand muscles it was helpful in the preservation of many skilful movements. IBM has a unique distribution of muscle weakness. Ankylotic contractures are common. We feel that their joint impact on daily functioning is characteristic for the disease.     

中年人颈动脉粥样硬化调查分析

目的:探讨中年人颈动脉粥样硬化发病特点.方法:对173例中年人进行体检及问卷资料分析.结果:61例40～55岁中年人经彩色多普勒超声诊断颈动脉粥样硬化.肥胖、血脂异常、吸烟、饮酒与颈部血管动脉粥样硬化的发生有一定关系.结论:40～55岁中年人颈动脉粥样硬化的发生率高,应列为重点人群关注.     

Comparison of mechanical and electrical activity and interstitial cells of Cajal in urinary bladders from wild-type and W/Wv mice

Background and purpose:

W/W^v and wild-type murine bladders were studied to determine whether the W/W^v phenotype, which causes a reduction in, but not abolition of, tyrosine kinase activity, is a useful tool to study the function of bladder interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC).

Experimental approach:

Immunohistochemistry, tension recordings and microelectrode recordings of membrane potential were performed on wild-type and mutant bladders.

Key results:

Wild-type and W/W^v detrusors contained c-Kit- and vimentin-immunopositive cells in comparable quantities, distribution and morphology. Electrical field stimulation evoked tetrodotoxin-sensitive contractions in wild-type and W/W^v detrusor strips. Atropine reduced wild-type responses by 50% whereas a 25% reduction occurred in W/W^v strips. The atropine-insensitive component was blocked by pyridoxal-5-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2′,4′-disulphonic acid in both tissue types. Wild-type and W/W^v detrusors had similar resting membrane potentials of −48 mV. Spontaneous electrical activity in both tissue types comprised action potentials and unitary potentials. Action potentials were nifedipine-sensitive whereas unitary potentials were not. Excitatory junction potentials were evoked by single pulses in both tissues. These were reduced by atropine in wild-type tissues but not in W/W^v preparations. The atropine-insensitive component was abolished by pyridoxal-5-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2′,4′-disulphonic acid in both preparations.

Conclusions and implications:

Bladders from W/W^v mice contain c-Kit- and vimentin-immunopositive ICC. There are similarities in the electrical and contractile properties of W/W^v and wild-type detrusors. However, significant differences were found in the pharmacology of the responses to neurogenic stimulation with an apparent up-regulation of the purinergic component. These findings indicate that the W/W^v strain may not be the best model to study ICC function in the bladder.     

The heart in sporadic inclusion body myositis: a study in 51 patients

The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence and nature of cardiac abnormalities in sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM). Fifty-one sIBM patients were cross-sectionally studied using history-taking, physical examination, measurements of serum creatine kinase activity, the MB fraction (CK-MB), cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and I (cTnI), a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and 2-dimensional echocardiography. Present cardiac history was abnormal in 12 (24%) out of 51 patients, 12 (24%) patients had abnormalities on ECG, mostly aspecific, and in 12 (24%) patients the echocardiograph showed abnormalities. Elevated CK-MB was present in 42 (82%) patients and 40 (78%) had an elevated cTnT in the absence of acute cardiac pathology. In contrast, in one patient (2%) cTnI was elevated. There was no apparent association between elevated biomarkers, ECG or echocardiographic abnormalities. The prevalence of cardiac abnormalities in sIBM does not seem to be higher than would be expected in these elderly patients. Elevated CK-MB and cTnT levels are common, in contrast to cTnI, but do not reflect cardiac pathology.     

护生人文能力现状及其培养

通过对人文素质教育的内涵和护生人文能力现状的分析，提出护生人文能力是其整体素质的重要方面，加强护生人文素质教育是社会发展的必然和需要，从而探讨加强护生人文能力培养的有效途径。     

石蜡包埋淋巴组织三种微量DNA提取方法的比较

目的为寻找一种高效、简便、实用的石蜡组织中DNA提取方法，本研究比较了三种不同的DNA提取方法对DNA质量的影响。方法选取淋巴相关组织的蜡块21例。三种DNA提取方法分别是简单消化煮沸法，酚／氯仿提纯法和试剂盒法。通过提取DNA的浓度和纯度、PCR扩增保守序列pglobin等方法，比较三种DNA提取方法的优劣。结果试剂盒法提取样品OD260／OD280平均比值位于1．6～1．8之间；提纯法位于1．3—1．5之间；简单消化煮沸法位于1，2—1．3之间。三种方法中，试剂盒法提取的DNA最为稳定。以3种DNA提取方法所获取DNA为模板，PCR扩增阳性率无统计学差异。结论从实用、快速、经济的角度综合分析，简单消化煮沸法简单快速，需要的组织样品少，是一个值得推荐的石蜡组织DNA提取方法。     

时辰药物治疗学研究状况

随着对一些疾病日节律性的研究加深,时辰药物治疗越来越受到重视。为此本文从高血压、肿瘤、哮喘等治疗药入手,对相关时辰药物治疗的情况作一综述。