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1.
Upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding remains a significant cause of mortality and morbidity among renal transplant recipients. We retrospectively analyzed the records of patients who received renal transplantations between January 2001 and July 2007 using mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in their immunosuppressive regimens. The following data were recorded for those subjects with upper GI bleeding during the first month after transplantation (group B, cases): age, sex, acute rejection episodes, pretransplant upper GI endoscopic findings, Helicobacter positivity, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity. The same parameters were studied among a group of patients, who did not have a history of upper GI bleeding (group A, controls). A statistical analysis was performed to ascertain potential risk factors. Among 523 patients (311 females, 212 males) of age range 7 to 58 years, 27 (5.2%) had upper GI bleeding: 13 males and 14 females of mean age 44 ± 12 years. The most frequent endoscopic finding was erosive gastritis (n = 13; 48.1%) followed by duodenal ulcers. Binary logistic regression analysis comparing the 2 groups showed that acute rejection episodes (P = .015) and active CMV infection (P = .046) were the most prominent risk factors for upper GI bleeding during the first month after renal transplantation. 相似文献
2.
Atif M. Hussein Bach Ardalan 《Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology》1993,2(3):211-216
Background Alopecia is a common side-effect of cancer chemotherapy. Although this complication has been known for many decades, little progress has been made in its prevention or treatment. Previously, we made the following observations: ( a ) treatment of 8-day-old rats with 1-0-n-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C), doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (CYC) produced either total body alopecia (ara-C and CYC) or alopecia confined to the head and proximal part of the neck (doxorubicin); ( b ) Imuvert, a biological response modifier, and interleukin-1 protected against alopecia-induced by ara-C; and (c) neither Imuvert or interleukin-1 protected against CYC-induced alopecia. Objective Experiments were designed to test for agents to protect against CYC-induced alopecia. Methods Agents were tested in the 8-day-old rats as a model for chemotherapy-induced alopecia. Results Mesna and S-2-(3-aminopropylamino)-ethylphospnorothioic acid (WR-2721) did not offer any protection against chemotherapy-induced alopecia. N-Acetylcysterine offered very good protection against alopecia induced by CYC but not that produced by ara-C in the newborn rate animal model. Conclusion N-Acetylcysteine may prove to be important in the prevention of CYC-induced alopecia, but this needs to be tested in the clinical setting. 相似文献
3.
Studies on the mechanism of 3-deazaguanine cytotoxicity in L1210-sensitive and -resistant cell lines
Summary 3-Deazaguanine (3-DG), a purine analogue, has unusual antitumor activity against experimental mammary tumor models and a number of other solid tumors. Others have shown that mutant CHO cells deficient in hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRTase) or adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRTase) are resistant to 3-DG. We developed a L1210 cell line resistant to 3-DG, L1210/3-DG, by subculturing the parent L1210/0 cells in the presence of increasing concentrations of 3-DG. The IC50 was 3.5 M and 620 M for L1210/0 and L1210/3-DG, respectively. Cytotoxicity studies proved the resistance to be stable. Examination of the baseline-specific activity of HGPRTase and APRTase showed that the former was 118-fold lower in L1210/3-DG than in L1210/0, and the latter demonstrated no difference. A 4-h treatment of the cell lines at IC50 doses showed 48% and 23% reductions in IMP dehydrogenase in L1210/0 and L1210/3-DG, respectively. The rate of de novo purine biosynthesis was studied by using [14C]formic acid. Formate flux increased 2-fold in L1210/3DG in concert with the observed deficiency of HGPRTase in the cell line. 3-DG uptake was studied with [14C]-labelled compound. The total radioactivity was 9-fold higher in L1210/0 than in L1210/3-DG at 2 h. Subsequent chromatographic separation of radioactivity showed the 3-DG and 3-deazaguanosine pools of the drug to be equal in both lines. However, 3-DG nucleotide pools at 1 min and 2 h were 2.5-fold and 16-fold lower, respectively, in L1210/3-DG than in L1210/0. 3-DG incorporation studies with radiolabelled drug demonstrated that 3-deazaguanine is incorporated in the acid-insoluble fraction of the cell. These studies conclude that HGPRTase, and not APRTase, is required for the activation of drug. Inhibition of IMP dehydrogenase is partially responsible for antitumor activity of the drug. The incorporation of drug into nucleic acids may be a major mechanism for its antitumor activity. Further studies using a cloned cDNA probe for hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) demonstrated no change in the DNA arrangements of the L1210/3-DG cell line, and Northern blot analysis showed approximately equal expression of mRNA in both cell lines.Abbreviations used APRTase
adenine phosphoribosyltransferase
- HGPRTase
Hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase
- IMPD
Inosine mono-phosphate dehydrogenase
- PRPP
5-Phosphorylribose-1-pyrophosphate
- AOPCP
, -Methyleneadenosine 5-diphosphate
- NAD
Nicotineamide dinucleotide
- EDTA
Ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid
Presented at annual meeting of American Association of Cancer Research in May, 1986Supported in part by Warner-Lambert Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan 相似文献
4.
Bach Ardalan Bangaru Chandrasekaran H. J. Hrishikeshavan 《Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology》1985,15(1):44-48
Summary A study was made of the in vivo effects of equitoxic doses of AT-125 and 5-FU combination, being administered either simultaneously (% ILS 152) or with a 6-h pretreatment with AT-125 (% ILS 184). To examine the biochemical basis for the scheduled synergism, measurements were made of the concentration of PRPP, the specific activities of CPS II, cytidine, thymidine, uridine, deoxyuridine kinases, and fluorinated nucleotide formation in P388 tumors and the small intestine. Two hours after in vivo simultaneous treatment of mice bearing tumors the concentration of PRPP increased 9- and 6-fold above baseline in the tumor and the small intestine, respectively. In the AT-125 pretreatment arm the concentration of PRPP increased 18- and 7-fold above baseline in the tumor and the small intestine, respectively. CPS II activity was reduced to 28%–18% of control in the tumors in the simultaneous and pretreatment groups, respectively, whereas it remained unchanged in the small intestine. Specific activities of cytidine kinase (5.5±1), thymidine kinase (4.0±1.6), uridine kinase (35.6±6.5), and deoxyuridine kinase (2.4±1.1) nmol/mg protein/h remained unchanged with treatment. In concert with the increased intratumor concentration of PRPP, fluorinated nucleotide formation was proportionally increased in the treatment arms. These results indicate the importance of drug scheduling of the above two agents in treating P388 leukemia.Abbreviation AT
125
- S,5S
-amino-3-chloro-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazoleacetic acid
- 5-FU
5-fluorouracil
- 5-FdUMP
5-fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate
- PRPP
phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate
- 5-FUMP
5-fluorouridine monophosphate
- 5-FUDP
5-fluorouridine diphosphate
- 5-FUTP
5-fluorouridine triphosphate
- UMP
uridine monophosphate
- UDP
uridine diphosphate
- UTP
uridine triphosphate
- ATP
adenosine triphosphate
- CPS II
carbamylphosphate synthetase II
- PCA
perchloric acid
Presented in part at the Seventy-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research, San Diego, California, May 1983 相似文献
5.
Ardalan Shariat Joshua A. Cleland Mahmoud Danaee Mehdi Kargarfard Bahram Sangelaji Shamsul Bahri Mohd Tamrin 《Revista brasileira de fisioterapia (S?o Carlos (S?o Paulo, Brazil))》2018,22(2):144-153
Objective
To evaluate the effectiveness of exercise, ergonomic modification, and a combination of training exercise and ergonomic modification on the scores of pain in office workers with neck, shoulders, and lower back pain.Methods
Participants (N = 142) in this randomized controlled trial were office workers aged 20–50 years old with neck, shoulders, and lower back pain. They were randomly assigned to either the ergonomic modification group, the exercise group, the combined exercise and ergonomic modification group, or the control group (no-treatment). The exercise training group performed a series of stretching exercises, while the ergonomic group received some modification in the working place. Outcome measures were assessed by the Cornell Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire at baseline, after 2, 4, and 6 months of intervention.Results
There was significant differences in pain scores for neck (MD ?10.55; 95%CI ?14.36 to ?6.74), right shoulder (MD ?12.17; 95%CI ?16.87 to ?7.47), left shoulder (MD ?11.1; 95%CI ?15.1 to ?7.09) and lower back (MD ?7.8; 95%CI ?11.08 to ?4.53) between the exercise and control groups. Also, significant differences were seen in pain scores for neck (MD ?9.99; 95%CI ?13.63 to ?6.36), right shoulder (MD ?11.12; 95%CI ?15.59 to ?6.65), left shoulder (MD ?10.67; 95%CI ?14.49 to ?6.85) and lower back (MD ?6.87; 95%CI ?10 to ?3.74) between the combined exercise and ergonomic modification and control groups. The significant improvement from month 4 to 6, was only seen in exercise group (p < 0.05).Conclusion
To have a long term effective on MSDs, physical therapists and occupational therapists should use stretching exercises in their treatment programs rather than solely rely on ergonomic modification.6.
7.
8.
Anobel Y. Odisho Anna B. Berry Ardalan E. Ahmad Matthew R. Cooperberg Peter R. Carroll Badrinath R. Konety 《European urology》2013
Background
ImmunoCyt/uCyt (Scimedx, Denville, NJ, USA) is a well-established urinary marker assay with high sensitivity for the diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma (UC) and can function as a second-level test to arbitrate atypical reads of urine cytology.Objective
To determine the utility of uCyt as a reflex test for atypical cytology in patients undergoing a hematuria evaluation or surveillance with a history of UC.Design, setting, and participants
The uCyt assay was performed as a second-level reflex test on all voided urine cytology tests read as atypical between January 2007 and June 2010 in an academic medical center. Records were retrospectively reviewed. Three hundred twenty-four patients underwent a total of 506 uCyt assays.Intervention
Reflex uCyt assay on atypical urine cytology.Outcome measurements and statistical analysis
The uCyt test characteristics include sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV).Results and limitations
Reflex uCyt was performed on 506 atypical voided urine samples that were followed by cystoscopy within 90 d. Reflex uCyt with a history of UC showed a sensitivity of 73%, a specificity of 49%, and an NPV of 80%. In those with a history of low-grade UC, reflex uCyt had a sensitivity of 75%, a specificity of 50%, and an NPV of 82%, while in those with a history of high-grade UC, it had a sensitivity of 74%, a specificity of 44%, and an NPV of 79%. Without prior history of UC, reflex uCyt had a sensitivity of 85%, a specificity of 59%, and an NPV of 94%. This study's limitations include its retrospective design and interobserver variability inherent to cystoscopy, which was used as the reference test.Conclusions
When used as a reflex test on atypical urine cytology, negative uCyt may predict a negative cystoscopy in select patients and modulate the urgency and further work-up in those with no prior history or low-grade disease. 相似文献9.
Charles Welliver Michael Kottwitz Ardalan E. Ahmad Steven K. Wilson Tobias S. Köhler 《World journal of urology》2016,34(7):993-998