High-Density Circumferential Pulmonary Vein Mapping with a 20-Pole Expandable Circular Mapping Catheter

The differentiation of pulmonary vein (PV) electrograms from atrial far-field signals during PV isolation (PVI) for atrial fibrillation (AF) may be difficult. In addition, owing to highly variable PV ostial sizes, current fixed-diameter circular PV mapping catheters may not yield optimal electrograms. We evaluated an expandable, circular 15–25 mm diameter, 20-pole mapping catheter for PV mapping during sustained AF in 25 patients. After selective PV angiography to define the ostial position and size, the catheter was introduced into each PV and withdrawn to the most stable proximal position, with optimal wall contact ensured by progressive loop expansion. At each PV ostium, electrograms recorded at high resolution (HR) were compared with those recorded at a resolution similar to that of a standard 10-pole Lasso catheter. After PVI performed during ongoing AF, the presence of residual far-field potentials (FFP) under both set-ups was compared. We mapped 97 PV, including 4 pairs with common ostia. In the HR recordings, the PV potentials had greater amplitude (0.5 ± 0.1 vs 0.3 ± 0.1 mV, P = 0.001) and fragmentation, whereas left atrial FFP were minimized. After successful isolation of all PV, FFP were observed in 33% of left superior and 28% of left inferior PV on the HR recordings, compared to 66% and 61%, respectively under normal resolution. Catheter stability and optimal wall contact, in combination with HR electrograms can optimize circumferential PV mapping during AF and improve the discrimination of FFP postablation.     

2005-2019年理塘县法定传染病疫情分析

目的了解理塘县近15年法定传染病疫情形势及流行特征,为政府制定防控措施提供科学依据。方法对2005—2019年理塘县法定传染病疫情进行描述性流行病学分析。采用ArcGIS 10.3软件绘制各乡镇发病情况分布图,SPSS 21.0软件进行χ²检验、趋势性χ²检验。结果2005—2019年理塘县共计报告甲乙丙类传染病21种6154例,年均发病率为644.33/10万,发病呈上升趋势。死亡37例,年均死亡率3.87/10万,病死率0.60%。呼吸道传染病发病最高(341.12/10万);发病前3位的病种为肺结核(271.91/10万)、乙肝(103.24/10万)及包虫病(67.22/10万);肺结核、其他感染性腹泻病、艾滋病/HIV、梅毒发病呈上升趋势。3月、9月分别出现1次发病高峰;20~29岁、30~39岁和10~19岁组发病居前3位;男女性别比为1.24∶1;发病以农民、牧民及学生为主。结论2005-2019年理塘县法定传染病发病率较高且呈上升趋势,应针对高发传染病、上升趋势明显的传染病、重点人群进行分析研究,采取针对性措施控制疫情。     

国产重组酵母乙肝疫苗对成人的免疫效果

目的:了解国产重组酵母乙肝疫苗(YDV)5μg和10μg对成人的安全性和免疫学效果.方法:199例研究对象随机分为2组,分别接受YDV 5μg和10μg,每人每月肌内注射1次,共3次(全程免疫)后1个月,进行免疫效果观察.检测血清乙肝表面抗体阳转率和乙肝表面抗体平均几何滴度(GMT),并观察2组的不良反应.结果:研究对象中未发现中、重度的局部和全身不良反应.接种5μg和10μg疫苗组的乙肝表面抗体阳转率分别为89.25%及98.11%;乙肝表面抗体GMT分别为18.88及54.47mIU·mL-1,2组的GMT差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论:YDV成人免疫是安全的,10μg YDV抗乙肝表面抗体的GMT明显高于5μg YDV.     

二次交通事故成伤致死的法医学鉴定3例

目的:探讨二次交通事故成伤致死亡案件的法医学鉴定思路。方法:收集3例二次交通事故成伤致死亡案例,多渠道收集案件信息,全面细致检验尸体,再现事故发生经过,明确死者的成伤过程,分析损伤的成伤方式、严重程度,判断生活反应,确定死者的死亡原因及各次损伤对死亡的参与程度。结果:二次交通事故成伤致死亡案例,存在损伤重、多发伤、复合伤、成伤方式多样、成伤机制复杂、生前伤死后伤并存,甚至多次损伤相互叠加、破坏、掩盖等特点。结论:二次交通事故成伤致死亡的法医学鉴定应以法医尸检为基础,结合痕迹学、运动力学等多学科知识综合分析和判断。     

术后胰瘘

术后胰瘘是胰腺手术后最常见的并发症之一.由于各研究者对胰瘘使用的定义不同,术后胰瘘的发生率存在差异.目前对于术后胰瘘的危险因素、诊断标准、预防措施以及治疗策略等的研究并无一致的结论.笔者就此对近年有关术后胰瘘的研究文献作一综述.     

Integration of Merged Delayed‐Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Multidetector Computed Tomography for the Guidance of Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation: A Pilot Study

MDCT/MRI Fusion for the Guidance of VT Ablation . Background: Delayed enhancement (DE) MRI can assess the fibrotic substrate of scar‐related VT. MDCT has the advantage of inframillimetric spatial resolution and better 3D reconstructions. We sought to evaluate the feasibility and usefulness of integrating merged MDCT/MRI data in 3D‐mapping systems for structure–function assessment and multimodal guidance of VT mapping and ablation. Methods: Nine patients, including 3 ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM), 3 nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM), 2 myocarditis, and 1 redo procedure for idiopathic VT, underwent MRI and MDCT before VT ablation. Merged MRI/MDCT data were integrated in 3D‐mapping systems and registered to high‐density endocardial and epicardial maps. Low‐voltage areas (<1.5 mV) and local abnormal ventricular activities (LAVA) during sinus rhythm were correlated to DE at MRI, and wall‐thinning (WT) at MDCT. Results: Endocardium and epicardium were mapped with 391 ± 388 and 1098 ± 734 points per map, respectively. Registration of MDCT allowed visualization of coronary arteries during epicardial mapping/ablation. In the idiopathic patient, integration of MRI data identified previously ablated regions. In ICM patients, both DE at MRI and WT at MDCT matched areas of low voltage (overlap 94 ± 6% and 79 ± 5%, respectively). In NICM patients, wall‐thinning areas matched areas of low voltage (overlap 63 ± 21%). In patients with myocarditis, subepicardial DE matched areas of epicardial low voltage (overlap 92 ± 12%). A total number of 266 LAVA sites were found in 7/9 patients. All LAVA sites were associated to structural substrate at imaging (90% inside, 100% within 18 mm). Conclusion: The integration of merged MDCT and DEMRI data is feasible and allows combining substrate assessment with high‐spatial resolution to better define structure–function relationship in scar‐related VT. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 24, pp. 419‐426, April 2013)     

m-CPP-induced self-grooming is mediated by 5-HT2C receptors

m-Chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP), a potent 5-HT receptor agonist, is known to induce self-grooming in rats and exacerbate symptoms in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). To characterise the possible role, 5-HT(2B) and 5-HT(2C) receptors play in m-CPP-induced self-grooming, subtype-selective receptor antagonists were used. m-CPP significantly increased the amount of self-grooming in male Sprague-Dawley rats. This effect followed a bell-shaped dose-response curve with a peak at 0.6 mg/kg, i.p. Pretreatment with SB-242084, a subtype-selective 5-HT(2C) receptor antagonist (0.1-0.5 mg/kg, i.p.), reversed m-CPP-induced self-grooming. In contrast, pretreatment with the subtype-selective 5-HT(2B) receptor antagonist SB-215505 (1 mg/kg, i.p) did not block the effect of m-CPP. Two days after depletion of brain 5-HT by p-chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA, 2 x 50, 2 x 100 mg/kg, i.p.) m-CPP-induced responses were significantly enhanced compared to controls. Our studies provide evidence that direct activation of 5-HT(2C) receptors mediate m-CPP-induced self-grooming and the depletion of brain 5-HT sensitizes these receptors.     

左西孟旦联合氢氯噻嗪治疗重症心力衰竭的临床研究

目的 探讨左西孟旦联合氢氯噻嗪治疗重症心力衰竭的临床疗效。方法 选取2020年7月—2023年7月复旦大学附属中山医院青浦分院重症监护室收治的100例重症心力衰竭患者，按随机数字法将所有患者分为对照组和治疗组，每组各50例。对照组患者口服氢氯噻嗪片，50 mg/次，2次/d。治疗组在对照组的治疗基础上静脉滴注左西孟旦注射液，5 mL加入5%葡萄糖注射液500 mL中。两组用药7 d。观察两组的临床疗效和临床症状改善时间，比较两组治疗前后心功能指标、生活质量综合评定问卷调查表（CQOLI-74）评分和血清细胞因子水平的变化情况。结果 治疗后，治疗组总有效率是98.0%，显著高于对照组的82.0%（P＜0.05）。治疗后，治疗组呼吸困难、乏力、气促、下肢水肿好转时间均短于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗后，两组左室射血分数（LVEF）、心排血量（CO）、GQOLI-74评分均显著高于同组治疗前（P＜0.05）；治疗后，治疗组LVEF、CO、GQOLI-74评分高于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗后，两组β型脑钠肽（BNP）、可溶性生长刺激表达基因2蛋白（sST2）、同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）、胱抑素C（CysC）水平均较同组治疗前显著降低（P＜0.05）；治疗后，治疗组BNP、sST2、Hcy、CysC水平低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 左西孟旦联合氢氯噻嗪治疗重症心力衰竭有较好的临床疗效，能有效改善患者的临床症状，增强心功能指标，降低机体炎性反应，值得临床借鉴应用。     

清热利湿通络法对痛风性关节炎模型大鼠Cyr61、IL-1β表达的影响

目的:探讨Cyr61在痛风炎性微环境中的作用同时观察清热利湿通络法对痛风性关节炎模型大鼠Cyr61及IL-1β表达的影响。方法:将经典痛风性关节炎模型大鼠造模后采用随机数表法分为空白组、模型组、虎杖组、清热利湿组、通络组、秋水仙碱组和慢病毒组。造模72h后取材,随后运用RT-PCR技术检测大鼠滑膜组织中Cyr61、IL-1βmRNA变化;Western blot法检测大鼠滑膜组织中Cyr61蛋白表达变化;ELISA法检测大鼠血清中IL-1β含量。结果:与正常组比较,模型组Cyr61 mRNA和蛋白及IL-1βmRNA表达均显著升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),干扰Cyr61表达后,慢病毒组IL-1βmRNA表达显著降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,虎杖组Cyr61mRNA和蛋白表达、血清IL-1β含量显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01);清热利湿组Cyr61蛋白表达水平、血清IL-1β含量显著降低(P<0.01,P<0.05),通络组Cyr61蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.01)。结论:Cyr61作为一种重要的促炎症因子参与GA的炎症过程,清热利湿通络法可通过下调Cyr61及IL-1β的表达水平,拮抗急性痛风炎症。