Correction to: Barriers to Professional Dental Care among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders - In the original publication of the article, the author’s affiliation was processed incorrectly without the name of department. The correct...     

Dental age assessment of Western Saudi children and adolescents

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of the London Atlas of Human Tooth Development and Eruption for age estimation in Saudi Arabian children and adolescents (aged 2–20 years), for forensic odontology application.

Materials and methods

This cross-sectional survey analyzed orthopantomograms (OPGs) of the complete dentition (including root development) to estimate the deviation from chronological age. Each OPG was de-identified and analyzed individually and classified into age-groups by the lead author, using the methods of the Atlas of Tooth Development.

Results

OPGs from a total of 252 patients [110 (44%) males, 142 (56%) females] aged 2–20 years (24–240 months) were examined in this study. The average estimated and chronological ages of subjects differed significantly p < 0.001 (143 ± 55.4 vs. 145 ± 57.9 months). Most (65.5%) estimates were within 12 months of subjects’ chronological ages; 19% overestimated and 15.5% underestimated age by >12 months.

Conclusion

This study, conducted in a sub-population of different origin than the UK sample used for the development of the London Atlas, identified variation in age estimates that may have significant impacts on results. The establishment of a composite international repository of atlas-based data for diverse ethnic sub-populations would be of great value to clinicians across the globe.     

Barriers to Professional Dental Care among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders - Aims were to: (1) investigate the parental difficulties toward their ASD children dental care and, (2) analyze factors influencing their access to...     

Comparative clinical evaluation of different epinephrine concentrations in 4 % articaine for dental local infiltration anesthesia

Objectives

The aims of this study were to compare and evaluate the clinical anesthetic efficacy of five 4 % articaine solutions with and without epinephrine in pulpal anesthesia after infiltration.

Materials and methods

In a randomized, double-blinded, crossover study, ten volunteers received local anesthesia infiltration in the maxillary right central incisor with five different solutions (4 % articaine?+?epinephrine 1:100,000, + epinephrine 1:200,000, + epinephrine 1:300,000, + epinephrine 1:400,000, without epinephrine). Electronic pulp tester was used to calculate the onset, utilization time, time to recede, and the surface integral under the time–effect curve. Additionally, cardiovascular parameters and post-experimental soft tissue anesthesia were examined.

Results

Onset as well as time to recede was not influenced by the epinephrine concentration. When using the epinephrine-free agent, time to recede was significantly shorter. Upon decreasing epinephrine concentration, duration of pulpal anesthesia and total anesthetic efficacy declined. The shortest time of anesthesia and lowest anesthetic efficacy were seen for the solution without epinephrine. No association was found between the local anesthetic drug and cardiovascular parameters. Soft tissue anesthesia was significantly shorter without epinephrine.

Conclusions

This study shows the substantial benefits of vasoconstrictors in dental infiltration anesthesia. These findings were reflected by means of prolonged and deeper therapeutic effect in a dose-dependent manner.

Clinical relevance

Even when utilizing agents with reduced amount of epinephrine, a safe anesthesia is possible. The epinephrine-free solutions resulted in a distinct limitation of utilization time and efficacy.     

Adhesion of Resin-Resin and Resin–Lithium Disilicate Ceramic: A Methodological Assessment

The aim of this study was to evaluate four test methods on the adhesion of resin composite to resin composite, and resin composite to glass ceramic. Resin composite specimens (N = 180, Quadrant Universal LC) were obtained and distributed randomly to test the adhesion of resin composite material and to ceramic materials (IPS e.max CAD) using one of the four following tests: (a) Macroshear SBT: (n = 30), (b) macrotensile TBT: (n = 30), (c) microshear µSBT: (n = 30) and (d) microtensile µTBT test (n = 6, composite-composite:216 sticks, ceramic-composite:216 sticks). Bonded specimens were stored for 24 h at 23 °C. Bond strength values were measured using a universal testing machine (1 mm/min), and failure types were analysed after debonding. Data were analysed using Univariate and Tukey’s, Bonneferroni post hoc test (α = 0.05). Two-parameter Weibull modulus, scale (m), and shape (₀) were calculated. Test method and substrate type significantly affected the bond strength results, as well as their interaction term (p < 0.05). Resin composite to resin composite adhesion using SBT (24.4 ± 5)^a, TBT (16.1 ± 4.4)^b and µSBT (20.6 ± 7.4)^a,b test methods presented significantly lower mean bond values (MPa), compared to µTBT (36.7 ± 8.9)^b (p < 0.05). When testing adhesion of glass ceramics to resin composite, µSBT (6.6 ± 1)^B showed the lowest and µTBT (24.8 ± 7)^C,D the highest test values (MPa) (SBT (14.6 ± 5)^A,D and TBT (19.9 ± 5)^A,B) (p < 0.05). Resin composite adhesion to ceramic vs. resin composite did show significant difference for the test methods SBT and µTBT (resin composite (24.4 ± 5; 36.7 ± 9 MPa) vs. glass ceramic (14.6 ± 5; 25 ± 7 MPa)) (p > 0.05). Among substrate–test combinations, Weibull distribution presented the highest shape values for ceramic–resin in µSBT (7.6) and resin–resin in µSBT (5.7). Cohesive failures in resin–resin bond were most frequently observed in SBT (87%), followed by TBT (50%) and µSBT (50%), while mixed failures occurred mostly in ceramic–resin bonds in the SBT (100%), TBT (90%), and µSBT (90%) test types. According to Weibull modulus, failure types, and bond strength, µTBT tests might be more reliable for testing resin-based composites adhesion to resin, while µSBT might be more suitable for adhesion testing of resin-based composites to ceramic materials.     

Chronic periodontitis and its possible association with oral squamous cell carcinoma – a retrospective case control study

Introduction

Different inflammatory processes may trigger the development of malignancies. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate a potential association between radiological determined chronic periodontitis (CPA) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods

In a retrospective study, OSCC-patients and a control group without malignant tumors were radiographically examined for bone loss. Via telephone survey and questionnaire, general clinical data on the individual oral hygiene and concomitant diseases together with tobacco and alcohol use were assessed and data were compared between the groups.

Results

178 OSCC-patients and 123 controls were included. In univariate analysis, a statistically relevant higher mean bone loss was seen in the OSCC group (4.3 mm (SD: 1.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 4-4.6) vs. 2.9 mm (SD: 0.7; 95% CI: 2.8-3); p?<?0.001)). This was confirmed in a multivariate regression model (OR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.5-3.8; p?<?0.001). A history of periodontal treatment was associated with significantly reduced OSCC risk (p?<?0.001; OR: 0.2, CI: 0.1-0.5).

Conclusions

CPA is a common disease and the monitoring as well as the treatment of such a chronic oral inflammation may be beneficial in reducing one potential cause of OSCC. Therefore, further clinical studies on oral neoplasms should consider clinical periodontal parameters as well.