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Spies Georgina Ahmed-Leitao Fatima Hoddinott Graeme Seedat Soraya 《Journal of neurovirology》2022,28(1):35-45
Journal of NeuroVirology - Individual impacts of alcohol misuse and HIV on brain structure and function have been well demonstrated; however, the potential compounded effect of these conditions is... 相似文献
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van den Heuvel Leigh L. Ahmed-Leitao Fatima du Plessis Stefan Hoddinott Graeme Spies Georgina Seedat Soraya 《Journal of neurovirology》2022,28(4-6):514-526
Journal of NeuroVirology - The intersecting epidemics of HIV and hazardous or harmful alcohol use (HAU) can have significant detrimental consequences. Both HIV and HAU have independent negative... 相似文献
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Jacqueline Samantha Womersley Christiane Ziegler Ashley Gutridge Fatima Ahmed-Leitao David Rosenstein 《The world journal of biological psychiatry》2020,21(7):513-528
AbstractObjectives: Childhood emotional neglect (EN) is a predictor for the development of affective disorders. Oxytocin (OXT) may mediate the interplay between EN and changes in stress biological systems, brain development, and mental health outcomes. We investigated, in a cross-sectional study, the associations between EN, (epi)genetic variation in the OXT receptor (OXTR) gene, and amygdalar and hippocampal volumes, two brain regions implicated in emotional processing.Methods: We recruited 63 Caucasian South African adults (35 women) with and without social anxiety disorder. Childhood EN was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. rs53576 and rs2254298 genotypes, as well as methylation status, was determined using DNA purified from whole blood. Bilateral amygdalar and hippocampal volumes were determined by structural magnetic resonance imaging. The relationships between these variables were investigated using linear regression.Results: The interaction of the rs2254298 A risk allele and EN was nominally associated with reduced left hippocampal volume. The rs2254298 A risk allele was independently associated with reduced bilateral amygdalar volumes. We found no association between EN, OXTR methylation and amygdalar or hippocampal volumes. The rs53576 GG risk genotype was, however, associated with decreased OXTR methylation.Conclusions: The rs2254298 A allele may increase susceptibility to the structural brain effects of EN. 相似文献
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Georgina Spies Fatima Ahmed-Leitao Christine Fennema-Notestine Mariana Cherner Soraya Seedat 《Journal of neurovirology》2016,22(2):149-158
A wide spectrum of neurocognitive deficits characterises HIV infection in adults. HIV infection is additionally associated with morphological brain abnormalities affecting neural substrates that subserve neurocognitive function. Early life stress (ELS) also has a direct influence on brain morphology. However, the combined impact of ELS and HIV on brain structure and neurocognitive function has not been examined in an all-female sample with advanced HIV disease. The present study examined the effects of HIV and childhood trauma on brain morphometry and neurocognitive function. Structural data were acquired using a 3T Magnetom MRI scanner, and a battery of neurocognitive tests was administered to 124 women: HIV-positive with ELS (n?=?32), HIV-positive without ELS (n?=?30), HIV-negative with ELS (n?=?31) and HIV-negative without ELS (n?=?31). Results revealed significant group volumetric differences for right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), bilateral hippocampi, corpus callosum, left and right caudate and left and right putamen. Mean regional volumes were lowest in HIV-positive women with ELS compared to all other groups. Although causality cannot be inferred, findings also suggest that alterations in the left frontal lobe, right ACC, left hippocampus, corpus callosum, left and right amygdala and left caudate may be associated with poorer neurocognitive performance in the domains of processing speed, attention/working memory, abstraction/executive functions, motor skills, learning and language/fluency with these effects more pronounced in women living with both HIV and childhood trauma. This study highlights the potential contributory role of childhood trauma to brain alterations and neurocognitive decline in HIV-infected individuals. 相似文献
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