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1.
Charles Opondo Stephen Ntoburi John Wagai Jackline Wafula Aggrey Wasunna Fred Were Annah Wamae Santau Migiro Grace Irimu Mike English 《Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH》2009,14(10):1165-1172
Objective To assess the availability of resources that support the provision of basic neonatal care in eight first‐referral level (district) hospitals in Kenya. Methods We selected two hospitals each from four of Kenya’s eight provinces with the aim of representing the diversity of this part of the health system in Kenya. We created a checklist of 53 indicator items necessary for providing essential basic care to newborns and assessed their availability at each of the eight hospitals by direct observation, and then compared our observations with the opinions of health workers providing care to newborns on recent availability for some items, using a self‐administered structured questionnaire. Results The hospitals surveyed were often unable to maintain a safe hygienic environment for patients and health care workers; staffing was insufficient and sometimes poorly organised to support the provision of care; some key equipment, laboratory tests, drugs and consumables were not available while patient management guidelines were missing in all sites. Conclusion Hospitals appear relatively poorly prepared to fill their proposed role in ensuring newborn survival. More effective interventions are needed to improve them to meet the special needs of this at‐risk group. 相似文献
2.
Pamela E. B. Rodgers-Johnson Frederick W. Hickling Aggrey Irons Bruce K. Johnson Maureen Irons-Morgan Gary A. Stone Clarence J. Gibbs 《Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN》1996,28(1-3):237-243
Reports of an 18-fold higher incidence of schizophrenia among second-generation Afro-Caribbeans, and especially Jamaican migrants
in the United Kingdom were soon called “an epidemic of schizophrenia,” with the inference that a novel virus, likely to be
perinatally transmitted, was a possible etiological agent. This intriguing observation led us to explore a possible link with
human T-cell lymphotropic virus type one (HTLV-I), because it is a virus that is endemic in the Caribbean Islands, is perinatally
transmitted, known to be neuropathogenic, and the cause of a chronic myelopathy (tropical spastic paraparesis/ HTLV-I associated
myelopathy). We therefore examined inpatients at the Bellevue Mental Hospital, Kingston, Jamaica and did standard serological
tests for retroviruses HTLV-I and HTLV-II and HIV-I and HIV-II on 201 inpatients who fulfilled ICD-9 and DSM III-R criteria
for schizophrenia. Our results produced important negative data, since the seropositivity rates for HTLV-I, the most likely
pathogen, were no greater than the seropositivity range for HTLV-I carriers in this island population, indicating that HTLV-I
and the other retroviruses tested do not play a primary etiological role in Jamaican schizophrenics. 相似文献
3.
Pragney Deme Leah H. Rubin Danyang Yu Yanxun Xu Gertrude Nakigozi Noeline Nakasujja Aggrey Anok Alice Kisakye Thomas C. Quinn Steven J. Reynolds Richard Mayanja James Batte Maria J. Wawer Ned C. Sacktor Deanna Saylor Norman J. Haughey 《Viruses》2022,14(6)
Background: HIV infection results in immunometabolic reprogramming. While we are beginning to understand how this metabolic reprogramming regulates the immune response to HIV infection, we do not currently understand the impact of ART on immunometabolism in people with HIV (PWH). Methods: Serum obtained from HIV-infected (n = 278) and geographically matched HIV seronegative control subjects (n = 300) from Rakai Uganda were used in this study. Serum was obtained before and ~2 years following the initiation of ART from HIV-infected individuals. We conducted metabolomics profiling of the serum and focused our analysis on metabolic substrates and pathways assocaited with immunometabolism. Results: HIV infection was associated with metabolic adaptations that implicated hyperactive glycolysis, enhanced formation of lactate, increased activity of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), decreased β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids, increased utilization of medium-chain fatty acids, and enhanced amino acid catabolism. Following ART, serum levels of ketone bodies, carnitine, and amino acid metabolism were normalized, however glycolysis, PPP, lactate production, and β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids remained abnormal. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that HIV infection is associated with an increased immunometabolic demand that is satisfied through the utilization of alternative energetic substrates, including fatty acids and amino acids. ART alone was insufficient to completely restore this metabolic reprogramming to HIV infection, suggesting that a sustained impairment of immunometabolism may contribute to chronic immune activation and comorbid conditions in virally suppressed PWH. 相似文献
4.
5.
Pollard Rose Kennedy Caitlin E. Hutton Heidi E. Mulamba Jeremiah Mbabali Ismail Anok Aggrey Nakyanjo Neema Chang Larry W. Amico K. Rivet 《AIDS and behavior》2022,26(2):375-384
AIDS and Behavior - A community health worker (CHW) model can promote HIV prevention and treatment behaviors, especially in highly mobile populations. In a fishing community in Rakai, Uganda, the... 相似文献
6.
Schroeder TL Burger H Weiser B Bengualid V Kimani J Anzala AO Parker MM Lamson D Philpott SM 《AIDS research and human retroviruses》2005,21(4):314-318
The HIV-1 epidemic is characterized by the dominance of distinct viral subtypes in different regions of the world, and intersubtype recombinants are common. Traditional subtyping methods analyze only a small fragment of the HIV-1 genome, so the true extent of diversity and recombination has been difficult to examine. We developed a heteroduplex tracking assay (HTA) to identify viral subtypes and rapidly detect recombinant HIV-1 genomes. By using probes that target seven regions across the HIV-1 genome, HTAs can identify intersubtype recombinants on the basis of the heteroduplex mobility pattern. We used this method to analyze HIV-1 strains from 12 patients from the United States and Kenya, comparing the results with those obtained by sequencing. HTA analysis correctly identified the subtype of each region of the genome, revealing that several isolates were recombinants. This method is suitable for studies of HIV-1 diversity and recombination in areas of the world where multiple subtypes are found. 相似文献
7.
Vecchio Alyssa Nakigozi Gertrude Nakasujja Noeline Kisakye Alice Batte James Mayanja Richard Anok Aggrey Robertson Kevin Wawer Maria J. Sacktor Ned Rubin Leah H. Saylor Deanna 《Journal of neurovirology》2021,27(3):487-492
Journal of NeuroVirology - We investigated the prevalence and risk factors for frailty among people with HIV (PWH) in rural Uganda (n = 55, 47% male, mean age 44 years).... 相似文献
8.
Awori Violet Nakigozi Gertrude Kisakye Alice Batte James Anok Aggrey Mayanja Richard Nakasujja Noeline Robertson Kevin R. Gray Ronald H. Wawer Maria J. Sacktor Ned Saylor Deanna 《Journal of neurovirology》2020,26(2):252-256
Journal of NeuroVirology - The Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) Index has been associated with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) in some populations but has not been studied in... 相似文献
9.
Sekela Mwakyusa Annah Wamae Aggrey Wasunna Fred Were Fabian Esamai Bernhards Ogutu Assumpta Muriithi Norbert Peshu Mike English 《BMC international health and human rights》2006,6(1):9-7
Background
The structured admission form is an apparently simple measure to improve data quality. Poor motivation, lack of supervision, lack of resources and other factors are conceivably major barriers to their successful use in a Kenyan public hospital setting. Here we have examined the feasibility and acceptability of a structured paediatric admission record (PAR) for district hospitals as a means of improving documentation of illness. 相似文献10.
Averting a malaria disaster in Africa--where does the buck stop? 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Whitty CJ Allan R Wiseman V Ochola S Nakyanzi-Mugisha MV Vonhm B Mwita M Miaka C Oloo A Premji Z Burgess C Mutabingwa TK 《Bulletin of the World Health Organization》2004,82(5):381-384
The serious threat posed by the spread of drug-resistant malaria in Africa has been widely acknowledged. Chloroquine resistance is now almost universal, and resistance to the successor drug, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP), is growing rapidly. Combination therapy has been suggested as being an available and potentially lasting solution to this impending crisis. However, the current cost of combination therapy, and especially that of artemisinin combination therapy (ACT), is potentially a serious drawback, even if a significant part of its cost is passed on to the end-user. If the question of cost is not successfully addressed this could lead to adverse results from the deployment of combination therapy as first-line treatment. These adverse effects range from an increase in potentially fatal delays in infected individuals presenting to medical services, to exclusion of the poorest malaria sufferers from receiving treatment altogether. Urgent steps are needed to reduce the cost of combination therapy to the end-user in a sustainable way if it is to be usable, and some possible approaches are discussed. 相似文献