全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6725篇 |
免费 | 192篇 |
国内免费 | 69篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 53篇 |
儿科学 | 204篇 |
妇产科学 | 193篇 |
基础医学 | 946篇 |
口腔科学 | 161篇 |
临床医学 | 546篇 |
内科学 | 1105篇 |
皮肤病学 | 99篇 |
神经病学 | 437篇 |
特种医学 | 239篇 |
外科学 | 1073篇 |
综合类 | 390篇 |
一般理论 | 2篇 |
预防医学 | 353篇 |
眼科学 | 271篇 |
药学 | 372篇 |
1篇 | |
中国医学 | 51篇 |
肿瘤学 | 490篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 10篇 |
2022年 | 14篇 |
2021年 | 3篇 |
2020年 | 2篇 |
2019年 | 2篇 |
2018年 | 2篇 |
2017年 | 6篇 |
2016年 | 9篇 |
2015年 | 1篇 |
2014年 | 9篇 |
2013年 | 9篇 |
2012年 | 747篇 |
2011年 | 823篇 |
2010年 | 132篇 |
2009年 | 85篇 |
2008年 | 618篇 |
2007年 | 606篇 |
2006年 | 663篇 |
2005年 | 630篇 |
2004年 | 616篇 |
2003年 | 548篇 |
2002年 | 480篇 |
2001年 | 341篇 |
2000年 | 382篇 |
1999年 | 169篇 |
1998年 | 23篇 |
1997年 | 9篇 |
1996年 | 11篇 |
1995年 | 12篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1925年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有6986条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Chan C. H. Y Ng E. H. Y Chan C. L W 《世界核心医学期刊文摘》2006,2(6):15-15
目的:评价东部身体-智力-精神(EBMS)群体干预对进行体外受精(IVF)的中国妇女焦虑缓解的作用。设计:随机对照研究。机构:三级辅助生殖机构。受试者:227例接受第1个IVF周期治疗的妇女。干预:干预组(n=69)接受4次EBMS群体咨询,而对照组(n=115)无任何干预。主要观察指标:状态-特质焦虑问卷。结果:与对照组相比,干预组在干预后状态焦虑平均分显著下降。每组移植同样数目的卵子,但干预组没有明显更高妊娠率的倾向。 相似文献
2.
关于SARS相关精神障碍诊断标准与防治的建议 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
严重急性呼吸道综合征 (severeacuterespiratorysyndrome ,SARS)又称传染性非典型肺炎 ,是一种以肺部炎症为主征的急性呼吸道传染病 ,可能由新型冠状病毒所致。SARS有很强的传染性 ,自 2 0 0 2年末 ,数月之间便扩散到全球数十个国家和地区 ,并引起流行地区公众和患者严重的心理恐慌。不少患者在隔离诊疗期间出现以焦虑、抑郁、精神运动性兴奋或抑制、幻觉妄想或以谵妄状态为主要形式的意识障碍等为主要表现的精神和行为异常 ,即SARS相关精神障碍 (SARS relatedmentaldisorders)。不少患者或疑似病例情绪焦躁、观念极端、言行失控 ,甚… 相似文献
3.
Poststroke DNA immunization against neurite growth inhibitors is beneficial to the recovery from local cerebral ischemia in rats 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Xingbao Zhu Jasmine Lee Jill Wong Wan Loo Tan Zhongtang Feng Tinghua Wang Zhicheng Xiao Ivan Ng 《中国神经再生研究》2007,2(2):65-69
BACKGROUND: Inhibitory signals, i.e. neurite growth inhibitors (NGIs), presenting on central nervous system (CNS) myelin have been shown to play a crucial role in inhibiting lesioned axonal sprouting and leading to less functional recovery. Vaccines targeting NGIs may provide multifactorial protection against brain insults by overcoming the inhibitory effects of these NGIs and boosting the body's immune repair mechanisms.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of poststroke DNA immunization against NGIs on the rehabilitation for sensorimotor function of rat models of local cerebral ischemia.
DESIGN: Completely randomized grouping design, and controlled experiment.
SETTING: Brain Injury Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore. MATERIALS: Sixty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats ranging in age from 45 to 120 days and in weight from 180 to 250 grams were provided by Animal Center of Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore. pcDNA3.1(+)-neurite growth inhibitors (pcDNA-NGIs) a gift was provided by Dr. Xiao from Department of Clinical Research, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore. METHODS: The experiment was carried out at Brain Injury Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore from August 2003 to April 2005. (1)The involved rats were randomized into 3 groups: pcDNA-NGIs group (group A), pcDNA3.1 (+) group (group B) and model group (group C), with 20 rats in each group. Left focal cerebral ischemia (FCI) was permanently induced through middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with the assistance of an operating microscope. Successful MCAO was determined by a 20% decrease to baseline in the ipsilateral cerebral blood flow. 100 μg of pcDNA-NGIs eluted in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was intramuscularly injected into the tibial muscle once a week after MCAO for 6 weeks in group A. As control, pcDNA3.1 (+) was also administrated in the same way in group B and nothing was administrated in group C. (2) The modified neurological severity score (mNSS), a composite of motor, sensory, reflex and balance tests, was used to test the sensorimotor deficit. The mNSS was graded on a scale of 0 - 18, i.e. normal score was 0, maximal deficit score was 18, and 1 point was warded for the inability to perform the tasks or the lack of a tested reflex. (3) The newly generated axons of corticorubral projection were traced by stereotaxic guided injection of 100 g/L biotinylated dextran amine. Rats were sacrificed two weeks after tracing, and cryostat coronal sections of midbrains (30μm) were reacted to BDA according to the manufacturer's instruction by the free-floating method. Images were captured on a DM RXA2 LEICA Microscope with a Spot Digital Camera system (Germany), and the numbers of labeled axons on the denervated side in four standard coronal sections including the red nucleus were manually quantified.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) The number of newly generated axons of corticorubral projection. (2)The improvement in sensorimotor deficit.
RESULTS: All the involved 60 rats entered the stage of final analysis. (1) The number of newly generated axons of corticorubral projection of rats: Only ipsilateral axons of CRP were noted with little evidence of fibers crossing to the contralateral red nucleus in rats of groups B and C. More BDA-positive fibers crossing the midline and terminating in the contralateral red nucleus in appropriate target areas mirroring the non-differentiated red nucleus were found in rats of group A. Quantitative analysis showed that BDA-labeled axons in the denervated side of rats in group A were more than those in group B (P 〈 0.05). (2) Improvement in sensorimotor deficit of rats: At 2 weeks after immunization, significant improvement in sensorimotor deficit was found in rats of group A. There were significant differences of improvement in sensorimotor deficit of rats between group A and group B or group C at 12 and 14 weeks after immunization (P 〈 0.05).
CONCLUSION: (1) Poststroke DNA immunization against NGIs leads to increased sensorimotor recovery following FCI and compensatory newly growth of axons from corticorubral projection. 相似文献
4.
A novel in vivo lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT)-deficient mouse expressing predominantly LpX is associated with spontaneous glomerulopathy 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2 下载免费PDF全文
Zhu X Herzenberg AM Eskandarian M Maguire GF Scholey JW Connelly PW Ng DS 《The American journal of pathology》2004,165(4):1269-1278
Complete lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency is a rare genetic cause of extreme reduction in high density lipoproteins and there is a high prevalence of chronic renal dysfunction that may progress to renal failure. Previous in vitro studies suggest the vesicular lipoprotein X (LpX) particles commonly seen in LCAT-deficient plasmas may be causative. To test this hypothesis, we have generated a novel murine model that selectively accumulate LpX in the circulation by cross breeding the sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) 1a transgenic mice (S+) with the LCAT knockout (lcat-/-) mice. Fast protein liquid chromatography fractionation of pooled plasma lipids revealed that virtually all cholesterol is concentrated in the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-sized fractions. These fractions are enriched in free cholesterol and phospholipid but extremely poor in triglyceride. Electron microscopy of the d <1.063 g/ml fraction of the S+lcat-/- mice revealed abnormal large vesicular particles, suggestive of LpX. The S+lcat-/- mice developed glomerular lesions spontaneously evident at 6 months with glomerular and tubulointerstitial lipid-deposits. Immunohistochemical staining with RhoA showed marked positive focal staining in glomeruli in the S+lcat-/- mice and undetectable in the S+/lcat+/+ control. By 10 months of age, the kidneys showed progressive glomerular injury including segmental foam cell infiltrates, mesangial expansion, and hyalinosis. Renal abnormalities are very similar to those seen in human LCAT deficiency. We conclude that the selective high-level accumulation of plasma LpX in the S+lcat-/- mice is strongly associated with a spontaneous glomerulopathy, providing in vivo evidence that LpX contributes to the LCAT deficiency-related nephropathy. 相似文献
5.
Altered splenic B cell subset development in mice lacking phosphoinositide 3-kinase p85alpha 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The signaling enzyme phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is activated following B cell receptor (BCR) engagement and by many other receptors on B lymphocytes. Mice lacking p85alpha, the predominant PI3K regulatory isoform, exhibit defects in B cell development and activation that are grossly similar to those found in mice lacking Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) and other critical signaling molecules. However, a detailed analysis of splenic B cell subsets in p85alpha-deficient mice has not been reported. Here we show that these mice are deficient in four major B cell subsets: transitional-1, transitional-2, follicular and marginal zone. These defects are distinct from those observed in Xid mice that express a mutant Btk unable to interact with PI3K lipid products. Moreover, mice with both genetic lesions exhibit even greater impairment in B cell development. Finally, we show that transgenic expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in p85alpha-deficient mice restores the transitional B cell subsets but not the marginal zone subset, and produces a follicular population with an aberrant phenotype. These findings establish a role for PI3K-p85alpha in differentiation of both follicular and marginal zone B cells, and suggest that these functions are required not solely for the propagation of anti-apoptotic signals. 相似文献
6.
The rate of HIV-1 disease progression is influenced by several factors that include pathogen and host genetic variations and the quality of antiviral immune responses. The CD8+ cell non-cytotoxic antiviral response (CNAR) substantially suppresses HIV replication in CD4+ cells and is positively associated with an asymptomatic clinical state. Traditionally, the measurement of CNAR has required several culture procedures and costly reagents. Here we report the development and validation of a screening assay for detection of CNAR that accurately identifies individuals benefiting from this response. Use of the CNAR screening assay should facilitate the evaluation of this important immune parameter in studies of HIV pathogenesis, resistance to infection, and vaccine development. 相似文献
7.
Type 1 diabetes in most Asian populations may not have a salient autoimmune basis when assessed with single determinations of the major markers, islet cell antibodies (ICAs) and glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GAD65ab). With the inclusion of antibodies to tyrosine phosphatase-like protein IA-2 (IA-2ab) as an additional major marker, we re-examined autoimmune diabetes in a group of Chinese patients. We studied 272 subjects at various stages of disease with blood samples procured for biochemical analysis. ICAs were measured by immunofluorescence, GAD65ab and IA-2ab by radioimmunoassay. Sixty-seven patients fulfilled clinical diagnosis of type 1 diabetes and the remaining 205 patients were type 2. Prevalence of single autoantibody type in recent-onset type 1 diabetes ( < 1 year duration; n = 47) showed 10.6% with ICAs, 44.7% GAD65ab and 36.2% IA-2ab. GAD65ab account for more than two-thirds of the markers found in type 1 diabetes. Combined analysis further showed that 51.1% had at least one antibody type, 31.9% with two or more antibodies and 8.5% with all three antibodies. Islet autoimmunity presence in childhood-onset type 1 diabetes improved with the addition of IA-2ab, though less impact was seen in the adult-onset. Similarly, combined analysis for type 2 patients with recent diabetes showed a modest increase to 13% with islet autoimmunity compared to 8% when assessed by GAD65ab alone. Combining IA-2ab and GAD65ab assays results detected slightly more immune-mediated diabetes, compared to using a single GAD65ab determination. Non-autoimmune causes need to be considered in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes in Chinese, particularly in adults. 相似文献
8.
Development and application of a salmonid EST database and cDNA microarray: data mining and interspecific hybridization characteristics 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10 下载免费PDF全文
9.
Ng ML Healy DL Rajna A Fullerton M O'Grady C Funder JW 《The Malaysian journal of pathology》1996,18(1):59-63
Immunoreactive adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), beta-endorphin (BEP) and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) were detected in human term placenta obtained from elective Caesarian surgery. The concentrations of ACTH, BEP and CRF in placenta detected by radioimmunoassay (RIA) were 2.83 +/- 0.36, 0.52 +/- 0.05 and 0.56 +/- 0.15 ng/g wet weight of tissue respectively. Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) peptides were also detected in the amnion and chorion membranes and in the decidua. The concentrations of ACTH were 1.72 +/- 0.20, 4.43 +/- 0.39 and 5.80 +/- 0.17 ng/g and the levels of BEP were 0.42 +/- 0.18, 0.65 +/- 0.20 and 3.66 +/- 1.10 ng/g in the amnion, chorion and decidua respectively. In contrast to placenta, immunoreactive CRF was not detected in the amnion, chorion and decidua. Immunoreactive N-acetylated BEP was also not detected in all the placental subfractions. Comparison of the amounts of both ACTH and BEP in the various placental components indicated the following distribution: decidua > chorion > placenta > amnion. In decidua, POMC peptides were present in an equi-molar ratio but in the other three placental fractions, ACTH levels were three to five-fold higher than BEP. In immunohistochemical studies, only a positive staining for ACTH was obtained for decidua. Our results confirm the presence of POMC peptides and CRF in placenta and their physiological roles in pregnancy and parturition. 相似文献
10.
PURPOSE: Identification of the onset of muscle contraction with EMG signal amplitude double of the baseline value (DP-P) has been recently reported for determining the temporal parameters of muscular activity. Due to its convenience, it is suitable for clinical application. However, there is a lack of report on the reliability and comparability of this method to other established methods. Therefore, this study examined the test-retest reliability of the DP-P method and compared it with an established method that used the mean + 3 standard deviations (mean + 3 s.d.) over the baseline value for muscles of the knee. METHODS: The onset of contraction of vastus medialis obliquus (VMO) and vastus lateralis (VL) of eleven able-bodied volunteers performing isometric knee extension at 50%, 75% and 100% of MVC in 30-minute and 7-day intervals were analyzed with both the DP-P and mean + 3 s.d. methods. RESULTS: The ICC for within-day measurements of DP-P method ranged from 0.64 to 0.86 and that for between-day measurements ranged from 0.63-0.81. The ICC values were higher with submaximal than maximal contractions. There was a consistent delay of about 3 ms in EMG onset detection with the DP-P as compared to the mean + 3 s.d method. CONCLUSION: The DP-P method is a reliable method for muscle onset determination but the absolute onset time of muscle contraction obtained from this method should not be directly compared with other methods such as the mean + 3 s.d. 相似文献