导致肾移植受者并发心血管疾病的重要危险因素及干预措施

新型免疫抑制剂的应用和外科技术的进步显著提高了肾移植受者的近期存活率,但并未显著提高远期存活率,心血管疾病(cardiovflscular disease,CVD)是影响受者长期存活的重要因素,也是导致受者带移植肾功能死亡的主要原因.     

器官保存液中聚乙二醇对人红细胞聚集性和血液流变学的影响

背景：聚乙二醇作为一种非渗透性大分子物质,在器官保存液中可发挥保护细胞膜、维护细胞骨架完整性、防止细胞水肿、抗脂质过氧化和免疫调节的作用。 目的：探讨器官保存液中的聚乙二醇对人红细胞聚集性和血液流变学的影响。 设计、时间及地点：对比观察实验,于2008-10在解放军第二军医大学附属长征医院器官移植科完成。 材料：抽取接受体格检查的6名健康志愿者的肘前静脉血。 方法：在抽取的新鲜血液中按5∶1的稀释比分别加入生理盐水、器官保存液及含不同相对分子质量、不同浓度聚乙二醇的多器官保存液,按加入液体的不同分为：生理盐水组、器官保存液组、不添加聚乙二醇的保存液组、20聚乙二醇1,10,30 g/L和35聚乙二醇1,10,30 g/L组。 主要观察指标：室温下通过魏氏法检测红细胞沉降率、自动血液流变仪检测血液流变学指标、光镜观察红细胞聚集的形态学改变,分析聚乙二醇对人红细胞聚集性和血液流变学的影响。 结果：不含胶体的保存液对红细胞聚集无影响,含低浓度聚乙二醇的保存液对红细胞聚集性和血液流变学的影响较小,器官保存液组、20聚乙二醇30 g/L,35聚乙二醇10 g/L和35聚乙二醇30 g/L的保存液则可显著加快红细胞沉降率,降低红细胞变形能力,引起红细胞明显聚集。 结论：器官保存液中的聚乙二醇可引起红细胞聚集,降低红细胞变形能力,其相对分子质量越大,浓度越高,促进红细胞聚集的作用越明显,对血液流变学的影响越大。     

儿童肾移植技术操作规范(2019版)

为了进一步规范儿童肾移植的技术操作,中华医学会器官移植学分会组织器官移植学专家从儿童肾移植的适应证和禁忌证、受者术前评估及处理、供肾选择与手术方式、围手术期管理、免疫抑制方案、术后长期随访等方面,制订本规范。     

肾移植术后早期严重肺部感染患者外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞计数的临床意义

目的 探讨肾移植术后早期严重肺部感染患者外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞计数的临床意义.方法 采用流式细胞术检测2007年2月至2008年6月期间,肾移植术后早期发生严重肺部感染的28例患者(感染组)外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞计数的变化,并随机选取同期肾移植术后病情稳定的30例患者(对照组)作为对照.结果 肾移植术后早期,感染组患者入院第1天CD4+T淋巴细胞计数显著低于对照组,分别为(184.1±117.5)个/μl和(518.6±232.7)个/μl(P<0.01).感染组患者中有5例治疗无效死亡,其中4例CD4+T淋巴细胞计数呈持续降低趋势;感染组中存活的患者在治疗恢复后,CD4+T淋巴细胞计数明显上升至(406.5±163.9)个/μl,与治疗前比较,P<0.01.受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析表明,CD4+T淋巴细胞计数减少能作为判断发生肺部感染的有效指标,其曲线下面积(AUC)为94.9%(P<0.01),CD4+T淋巴细胞计数为220个/μL时,其特异度为100%.结论 外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞的变化与肾移植术后早期严重肺部感染的转归密切相关.CD4+T淋巴细胞计数低于220个/μl的患者发生感染的可能性极大;测定外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞计数并动态分析对于优化治疗和判断预后有重要的参考价值.     

肾移植术后早期严重肺部感染患者外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞计数的临床意义

Objective To explore the clinical implication of peripheral blood CD4+ T-cell counts in renal allograft recipients with severe pulmonary infection in the early stage after kidney transplantation. Methods From February 2007 to June 2008, we investigated the variation of peripheral blood CD4+ T-cell counts using flow cytometry in 28 cases of severe pulmonary infection 1 ～6 months after kidney transplantation (infection group), and 30 cases (control group) randomly selected that had stable situation and normal kidney function in the same period. Results CD4+ T-cell counts on the day of admission in infection group were significantly lower than in control group (184.1 ±117.5/μl vs. 518.6±232.7/μl, P<0.01 ). In infection group, 5 patients died and 4 of them had obviously declining trends of CD4+ T-cell counts during hospitalization course. Comparing to the day of admission, CD4+ T-cell counts of those survivors in infection group were significantly increased (184.1±117.5/μl vs. 406.5±163.9/μl, P<0.01) when infections were controlled. ROC analysis showed that CD4+ T-cell counts on the day of admission were accurate enough to identify who were susceptible to infection. In detail, the area under the curve (AUC) was 94.9% (P<0.01). CD4+ T-cell counts of 220/μl displayed the minimal misdiagnosis rate. Conclusions The variations of CD4+ T-cell counts are correlated to onset and progression of severe pulmonary infection in the early stage after kidney transplantation. Those who had CD4+ T-cell counts lower than 220/μl were at high risk of pulmonary infection. Direct measure and dynamic analysis of CD4+ T-cell subset have an important role in optimizing treatment and predicting prognosis of severe pulmonary infection in the early stage after kidney transplantation.     

多种肾小球滤过率的估算方程在活体供肾者肾功能评估中的适用性研究

目的 比较多种肾小球滤过率(GFR)估算方程在亲属活体供肾功能评估中的准确性,找出适合我国人群的GFR估算方程.方法 以44名亲属活体供肾者为对象,以99mTc-二乙三胺五乙酸(DTPA)肾动态显像测定的GFR为参考标准,并以体表面积(BSA)将其标准化(sGFR).将以Cockcroft-GauIt(C-G)方程估算的肌酐清除率(Ccr),C-G方程、改良C-G方程、肾脏疾病饮食调整研究组(MDRD)方程和改良MDRD方程估算的GFR(eGFR),分别与sGFR进行比较,分析其偏差、相关性、准确性和精确性.结果 sGFR为(123±24)ml/min,C-G方程估算的Ccr,以及C-G方程、改良C-G方程、MDRD方程和改良MDRD方程估算的GFR分别为(123±27)ml/min、(104±22)ml/min、(156±28)ml/min、(122±19)ml/min和(138±25)ml/min,其偏差值,MDRD方程最小,两种改良方程的偏差较大;配对t检验及相关性分析,C-G方程的Ccr估算值、MDRD方程的估算值与sGFR的差异无统计学意义,改良C-G方程和改良MDRD方程的GFR估算值与sGFR之间的相关性较好;MDRD方程的准确性最高,两种改良方程的准确性较差;改良MDRD方程、改良C-G方程的精确性稍高.结论 5个估算方程估算的GFR均有不用程度的误差,相对来说MDRD方程的偏差较小,准确性较高,相关性和精确性尚可,但若应用于临床,有必要对其进行适当修正.     

儿童肾移植术后急性排斥反应的危险因素分析

目的探讨儿童肾移植术后急性排斥反应(acute rejection, AR)发生的相关危险因素及其对预后的影响。方法回顾性分析海军军医大学第一附属医院2011年9月至2022年8月189例儿童肾移植受者的临床资料。根据是否发生AR, 将受者分为AR组和无AR组, 采用单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归分析儿童肾移植术后AR的相关危险因素, 并进一步明确AR对移植肾功能和长期存活的影响。结果随访期间共有33例(17.5%, AR组)儿童受者发生了AR, 术后1年内AR发生率为16.9%(32/189);另156例未发生AR儿童受者为无AR组。单因素分析发现AR组受者的中位透析时间为19个月, 大于无AR组的11个月;AR组供者中位年龄为12月龄, 小于无AR组的24月龄;AR组供者中位体重为9.5 kg, 低于无AR组的12 kg;AR组中位供/受体体重比为0.36, 小于无AR组的0.50;AR组他克莫司(tacrolimus, TAC)浓度未达标的比例为45.5%(15/33), 高于无AR组的21.2%(33/156), 上述参数两组间比较, 差异均有统计学意义(P=0.034...     

实体器官移植感染的精准防治

随着近年来精准医疗领域的快速发展, 感染性疾病的防治也出现了新的变化。本文简要述评实体器官移植感染的精准防治策略, 以期为临床防治实体器官移植后感染和改善预后提供参考。     

肾移植术后早期严重肺部感染患者外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞计数的临床意义

Objective To explore the clinical implication of peripheral blood CD4+ T-cell counts in renal allograft recipients with severe pulmonary infection in the early stage after kidney transplantation. Methods From February 2007 to June 2008, we investigated the variation of peripheral blood CD4+ T-cell counts using flow cytometry in 28 cases of severe pulmonary infection 1 ～6 months after kidney transplantation (infection group), and 30 cases (control group) randomly selected that had stable situation and normal kidney function in the same period. Results CD4+ T-cell counts on the day of admission in infection group were significantly lower than in control group (184.1 ±117.5/μl vs. 518.6±232.7/μl, P<0.01 ). In infection group, 5 patients died and 4 of them had obviously declining trends of CD4+ T-cell counts during hospitalization course. Comparing to the day of admission, CD4+ T-cell counts of those survivors in infection group were significantly increased (184.1±117.5/μl vs. 406.5±163.9/μl, P<0.01) when infections were controlled. ROC analysis showed that CD4+ T-cell counts on the day of admission were accurate enough to identify who were susceptible to infection. In detail, the area under the curve (AUC) was 94.9% (P<0.01). CD4+ T-cell counts of 220/μl displayed the minimal misdiagnosis rate. Conclusions The variations of CD4+ T-cell counts are correlated to onset and progression of severe pulmonary infection in the early stage after kidney transplantation. Those who had CD4+ T-cell counts lower than 220/μl were at high risk of pulmonary infection. Direct measure and dynamic analysis of CD4+ T-cell subset have an important role in optimizing treatment and predicting prognosis of severe pulmonary infection in the early stage after kidney transplantation.     

儿童肾移植后细小病毒B19感染的临床特点及诊治经验探讨

目的 结合本中心及国内外文献总结儿童肾移植术后细小病毒B19(parvovirus B19,PVB19)感染的临床特点及诊治经验.方法 纳入2004年1月—2018年12月在复旦大学附属儿科医院进行规律肾移植后随访的131例患儿.结合文献分析患者临床资料、实验室数据、治疗及预后.结果 本中心儿童肾移植后PVB19感染发...