全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎致髋关节强直的疗效及康复锻炼的意义

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of total hip arthroplasty (THA) for bony ankylosis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and the significance of postoperative rehabilitation. Meth-ods From October 1998 to May 2007, 28 patients (46 hips) suffered from ankylosing spondylitis with hip bony ankylosis underwent THA. There were 27 males, 1 female, with the mean age of 38.9 years (range 22 to 58 years). Posterior lateral hip incision was performed in 34 hips, and modified anterior lateral combined with lateral hip incision in 12 hips. Forty hips applied cementless THA and 6 hips applied mixed THA. Har-ris scores, VAS scores and total hip range of motion in all patients were compared pre-and postoperatively to evaluate the clinical effects. Results All patients were followed up from 10 months to 64 months, with the mean time of 38.2 months. No paralysis, decubitus, and lung infection were found. Joint dislocation hap-pened in 1 case 2 weeks after operation, and was cured with close reduction. Heterotopic bone formation with Brooker Ⅰ was found in 6 hips and Brooker Ⅱ in 2 hips. Harris score increased from 28.3±10.3 preop-eratively to 82.7±7.6 postoperatively. VAS score changed from 3.5±1.4 preoperatively to 3.8±1.8 postopera-tively, and no significance was found. The hip movement range increased from 15.6°±9.3° preoperatively to 133.7°±17.6° postoperatively. Bony ankylosis in all patients disappeared and the hip function improved sig-nificantly after operation. Conclusion THA is the optimal method to treat the ankylosing spondylitis with hip bony ankylosis. Early rehabilitation is necessary to improve hip function.     

成人髋关节发育不良不同Crowe分型的三维CT影像学特征

 目的 通过三维CT重建分析成人髋关节发育不良不同Crowe分型之间髋臼形态的演变规律。方法 2010年6月至2013年1月收治成人髋关节发育不良患者62例68髋,男6例8髋,女56例60髋;年龄47~59岁,平均（53.7±5.8）岁。CroweⅠ型14例17髋,Ⅱ型17例17髋,Ⅲ型15例17髋,Ⅳ型16例17髋。行标准髋关节CT扫描及三维重建。在侧位三维图像上标记Harris窝,确定髋臼旋转中心,利用十字坐标轴确定髋臼旋转中心的冠状面和横断面位置;在正位三维图像上利用Ranwant三角确定髋臼旋转中心的矢状面位置;在髋臼水平重建图像上确定髋臼旋转中心。观察髋臼前后缘增生及髋臼前后柱发育不良程度,测量并比较不同Crowe分型患者的髋臼前倾角、前覆盖角、后覆盖角和内壁宽度。结果 随Crowe分型增加,髋臼前倾角逐渐加大,两者呈正相关,除CroweⅠ型和Ⅱ型组间外,其余组间差异有统计学意义;髋臼前覆盖角逐渐减小,两者呈负相关,各组间差异均有统计学意义,CroweⅢ、Ⅳ型组平均值小于50°;髋臼后覆盖角逐渐减小,两者呈负相关,各组间差异均有统计学意义, CroweⅢ、Ⅳ型组平均值小于90° ;髋臼内壁宽度逐渐增加,两者呈正相关,各组间差异均有统计学意义。结论 不同Crowe分型成人髋关节发育不良的髋臼形态变化存在一定的演变规律。对CroweⅠ型和Ⅱ型髋臼的重建可充分利用髋臼前后柱骨量,对CroweⅢ、Ⅳ型髋臼的重建可适度上移和（或）内移髋臼中心。     

紧皮小鼠脊柱侧凸进展情况及其相关因素

【摘要】 目的：观察紧皮小鼠（TSK鼠）脊柱侧凸进展情况及其相关因素,为临床预测脊柱侧凸进展情况提供参考。方法：36只2周龄TSK鼠按处死时间不同随机分为6组,每组6只,正常条件下饲养。饲养过程中在4、6、8、10、12和14周龄时称量小鼠体重并记录。分别在4、6、8、10、12和14周龄处死,提取脊柱骨骼标本并妥善保存。利用显微CT（micro-CT）对脊柱标本进行扫描,获得二维断层图像后导入Image J进行格式转换,用Mimics软件（14.11）三维建模,测量脊柱冠状位Cobb角和相关参数（脊柱后凸角度、全部13根肋骨的长度、全部6个腰椎的椎体宽度和高度）。利用Pearson相关性分析分别计算脊柱冠状位Cobb角与脊柱后凸角度、双侧肋骨长度差值、腰椎椎体宽度、腰椎椎体前缘高度、腰椎椎体后缘高度、腰椎椎体前后缘高度差值和体重的相关性。结果：TSK鼠4、6、8、10、12和14周龄时的脊柱冠状位Cobb角分别为7.69°±4.57°（3.26°~14.92°）、14.20°±7.52°（2.11°~21.66°）、11.50°±4.40°（4.78°~18.54°）、14.40°±6.23°（4.54°~22.12°）、17.38°±10.93°（4.12°~29.24°）和21.71°±7.73°（13.07°~33.88°）。脊柱冠状位Cobb角与脊柱后凸角度、双侧肋骨长度差值、腰椎椎体宽度、腰椎椎体前缘高度、腰椎椎体后缘高度、腰椎椎体前后缘高度差值和体重的相关系数分别为-0.053（P=0.769）、-0.138（P=0.444）、-0.186（P=0.301）、0.567（P=0.001）、0.554（P=0.001）、0.086（P=0.643）和0.482（P=0.005）,脊柱冠状位Cobb角与腰椎椎体前缘高度、后缘高度和体重有相关性,与脊柱后凸角度、双侧肋骨长度差值、腰椎椎体宽度和腰椎椎体前、后缘高度差值无相关性。结论：TSK鼠脊柱冠状位Cobb角随年龄增大逐渐增加。TSK鼠脊柱侧凸进展情况与腰椎椎体前缘高度、后缘高度和体重密切相关,而与脊柱后凸角度、双侧肋骨长度差值、腰椎椎体宽度和腰椎椎体前、后缘高度差值无相关性。     

全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎致髋关节强直的疗效及康复锻炼的意义

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of total hip arthroplasty (THA) for bony ankylosis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and the significance of postoperative rehabilitation. Meth-ods From October 1998 to May 2007, 28 patients (46 hips) suffered from ankylosing spondylitis with hip bony ankylosis underwent THA. There were 27 males, 1 female, with the mean age of 38.9 years (range 22 to 58 years). Posterior lateral hip incision was performed in 34 hips, and modified anterior lateral combined with lateral hip incision in 12 hips. Forty hips applied cementless THA and 6 hips applied mixed THA. Har-ris scores, VAS scores and total hip range of motion in all patients were compared pre-and postoperatively to evaluate the clinical effects. Results All patients were followed up from 10 months to 64 months, with the mean time of 38.2 months. No paralysis, decubitus, and lung infection were found. Joint dislocation hap-pened in 1 case 2 weeks after operation, and was cured with close reduction. Heterotopic bone formation with Brooker Ⅰ was found in 6 hips and Brooker Ⅱ in 2 hips. Harris score increased from 28.3±10.3 preop-eratively to 82.7±7.6 postoperatively. VAS score changed from 3.5±1.4 preoperatively to 3.8±1.8 postopera-tively, and no significance was found. The hip movement range increased from 15.6°±9.3° preoperatively to 133.7°±17.6° postoperatively. Bony ankylosis in all patients disappeared and the hip function improved sig-nificantly after operation. Conclusion THA is the optimal method to treat the ankylosing spondylitis with hip bony ankylosis. Early rehabilitation is necessary to improve hip function.     

全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎致髋关节强直的疗效及康复锻炼的意义

目的 探讨全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎致髋关节骨性强直的疗效及术后康复锻炼的意义.方法 1998年10月至2007年5月,对28例(46髋)强直性脊柱炎致髋关节骨性强直患者施行全髋关节置换术,男27例,女1例;年龄22～58岁,平均38.9岁;病程5～35年,平均17年2个月;髋关节屈曲强直7例(14髋),伸直强直21例(32髋).采用髋关节后外侧切口34髋,改良前外侧与外侧联合切口12髋;其中应用全生物型假体40髋,混合型假体6髋.术后24 h即开始进行系统性康复锻炼.对手术前、后患者Harris评分、VAS评分、髋关节总活动度及患者整体功能改善情况进行比较.结果 所有患者均获得随访,随访时间10～64个月,平均38.2个月,随访期间未发生坐骨神经或股神经麻痹、皮肤压疮、肺部感染、关节松动等并发症.1例患者术后2周出现髋关节脱位,经闭合复位治愈.8髋出现异位骨化,其中Brooker Ⅰ级6髋,Ⅱ级2髋.7例髋关节屈曲强直患者,屈曲角度由术前34.3°±16.3°改善为术后4.2°±3.3±.Harris评分由术前平均(28.3±10.3)分提高至术后平均(82.7±7.6)分.VAS评分:术前(3.5±1.4)分,术后(3.8±1.8)分.髋关节总活动度由术前平均15.6°±9.3°改善至术后133.7°±17.6°.术前28例患者生活均不能自理;术后1年,除3例患者行走时仍需借用单拐、生活需他人帮助外,其余25例患者生活均可自理,并可从事家务或轻体力劳动.结论 全髋关节置换术是治疗强直性脊柱炎晚期严重髋关节病变的一种有效方法,早期系统康复锻炼有助于关节功能的恢复.     

发育性髋关节发育不良全髋关节置换术中出现假体周围骨折9例

选择2002-02/2007-05在天津医院关节外科发育性髋臼发育不良、初次人工全髋关节置换术中出现假体周围骨折的患者9例（9髋）。男1例，女8例，年龄52~69岁。初次全髋关节置换选用股骨假体与髓腔锉同号，髋臼假体直径比髋臼锉直径大2 mm。对患者术后疼痛、功能、活动范围、畸形程度进行Harris评分。随访时间最短1年，最长6年。髋臼骨折中4例为稳定性骨折，给予多枚螺钉加强固定，1例为不稳定性骨折，给予结构性植骨配合多枚螺钉固定；股骨骨折中1例为Vancouver AG型，给予钢丝捆绑固定，3例为B1型，给予锁定加压钢板（LCP）内固定或钢丝捆绑，1例为C型，给予LCP内固定。定期复查X射线片，未发现髋臼假体周围透亮带及松动表现。Harris评分平均为87.2分。结果表明：在发育性髋臼发育不良患者初次人工全髋关节置换术术中，选用的非骨水泥型髋臼假体直径应当不超过髋臼锉直径2 mm。对于骨折疏松明显的患者，最好选用与髋臼锉相同直径的髋臼假体并使用螺钉固定，或选用骨水泥型假体。当出现髋臼骨折时，可选用多枚螺钉固定或同时进行髋臼植骨。术中发生骨折，应当根据骨折类型和假体稳定性选用适合的固定方式。     

全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎致髋关节强直的疗效及康复锻炼的意义

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of total hip arthroplasty (THA) for bony ankylosis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and the significance of postoperative rehabilitation. Meth-ods From October 1998 to May 2007, 28 patients (46 hips) suffered from ankylosing spondylitis with hip bony ankylosis underwent THA. There were 27 males, 1 female, with the mean age of 38.9 years (range 22 to 58 years). Posterior lateral hip incision was performed in 34 hips, and modified anterior lateral combined with lateral hip incision in 12 hips. Forty hips applied cementless THA and 6 hips applied mixed THA. Har-ris scores, VAS scores and total hip range of motion in all patients were compared pre-and postoperatively to evaluate the clinical effects. Results All patients were followed up from 10 months to 64 months, with the mean time of 38.2 months. No paralysis, decubitus, and lung infection were found. Joint dislocation hap-pened in 1 case 2 weeks after operation, and was cured with close reduction. Heterotopic bone formation with Brooker Ⅰ was found in 6 hips and Brooker Ⅱ in 2 hips. Harris score increased from 28.3±10.3 preop-eratively to 82.7±7.6 postoperatively. VAS score changed from 3.5±1.4 preoperatively to 3.8±1.8 postopera-tively, and no significance was found. The hip movement range increased from 15.6°±9.3° preoperatively to 133.7°±17.6° postoperatively. Bony ankylosis in all patients disappeared and the hip function improved sig-nificantly after operation. Conclusion THA is the optimal method to treat the ankylosing spondylitis with hip bony ankylosis. Early rehabilitation is necessary to improve hip function.     

强直性脊柱炎全髋人工关节置换术临床效果观察

目的:讨论强直性脊柱炎全髋置换术的手术特点,了解其术后的疗效。方法:对48例(63髋)行全髋人工关节置换术的本病患者进行随访,随访时间2～11年,平均(6.8±1.2)年。结果:Harris评分为术前平均(43.87±1.63)分,术后平均(81.32±1.26)分,其中优2髋(3.2％),良31髋(49.2％),可27髋(42.8％),差3髋(4.8％)。X线显示假体整个松动率为30.2％(19/63),异位骨化率25.4％。结论:对髋屈曲畸形的患者选择改良前外侧入路有利于软组织彻底松解。本组病人疗效满意;无菌性松动和异位骨化是该置换术后的主要并发症。     

临床使用身痛逐瘀汤治疗膝关节置换术后肿胀疗效评价

目的探讨身痛逐瘀汤治疗膝关节置换术后肿胀的临床效果。方法研究分析60例膝关节置换术后肿患者随机分为2组。对照组常规使用抗生素、低分子肝素钠、等常规基础治疗,观察组在常规基础治疗上加用身痛逐瘀汤治疗。结果在术后第3天肿胀评分(P0.05)、第7天肿胀评分(P0.05)、在术后第14天肿胀评分(P0.05),实验组在患者在7、14天的术肢肿胀评分优于对照组。结论身痛逐瘀汤治疗膝关节置换术后肿胀有疗效。