全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1282篇 |
免费 | 100篇 |
国内免费 | 7篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 4篇 |
儿科学 | 13篇 |
妇产科学 | 15篇 |
基础医学 | 196篇 |
口腔科学 | 8篇 |
临床医学 | 124篇 |
内科学 | 250篇 |
皮肤病学 | 12篇 |
神经病学 | 166篇 |
特种医学 | 34篇 |
外科学 | 274篇 |
综合类 | 24篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 103篇 |
眼科学 | 9篇 |
药学 | 78篇 |
中国医学 | 11篇 |
肿瘤学 | 67篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 7篇 |
2022年 | 19篇 |
2021年 | 22篇 |
2020年 | 20篇 |
2019年 | 29篇 |
2018年 | 36篇 |
2017年 | 32篇 |
2016年 | 27篇 |
2015年 | 52篇 |
2014年 | 43篇 |
2013年 | 60篇 |
2012年 | 57篇 |
2011年 | 85篇 |
2010年 | 66篇 |
2009年 | 61篇 |
2008年 | 71篇 |
2007年 | 88篇 |
2006年 | 87篇 |
2005年 | 79篇 |
2004年 | 65篇 |
2003年 | 69篇 |
2002年 | 75篇 |
2001年 | 40篇 |
2000年 | 26篇 |
1999年 | 22篇 |
1998年 | 11篇 |
1997年 | 11篇 |
1996年 | 14篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 10篇 |
1991年 | 12篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
1882年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1389条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
Paired kidney analysis of tacrolimus and cyclosporine microemulsion-based therapy in Chinese cadaveric renal transplant recipients 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Chi Yuen Cheung Kim Ming Wong Hoi Wong Chan Yan Lun Liu Yiu Han Chan Ho Sing Wong Wai Leung Chak Koon Shing Choi Ka Foon Chau Chun Sang Li 《Transplant international》2006,19(8):657-666
Few studies used paired kidneys for comparison between tacrolimus and cyclosporine in renal transplantation. Most of the published data used whole blood trough levels for drug monitoring. However, the use of limited sampling strategy and abbreviated formula to estimate the 12-h area under concentration-time curve (AUC(0-12)) allowed better prediction of drug exposure. Sixty-six first cadaveric renal transplant recipients receiving paired kidneys were randomized to receive either tacrolimus-based (n = 33) or cyclosporine microemulsion (Neoral)-based therapies (n = 33). Abbreviated AUC(0-12) was used for drug monitoring and dose titration. Mean follow-up duration was 2.8 +/- 2 years. The patient and graft survival were comparable. Fewer incidence of acute rejection was observed in tacrolimus group (15% vs. 27.3%) though the difference was not significant (P = 0.23). The absolute value and the rate of decline of creatinine clearance were both significantly better in tacrolimus-treated patients. Prevalence of hypertension, post-transplant diabetes mellitus, infection, and malignancy were similar in both groups. Prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (11/33 vs. 4/33) and gum hypertrophy (6/33 vs. 1/33) was more common in cyclosporine-treated patients (P = 0.04 in both parameters). This was the first prospective, randomized study with paired kidney analysis showing the renal function was significantly better in tacrolimus-treated patients than in cyclosporine-treated patients. 相似文献
3.
4.
Abdul Rahman Arishi M. Ezzedien Rabie M. Shahid Hussain Khan Hassan Sumaili Hassan Shaabi Nabil Tadros Michael Bheem Sing Shekhawat 《JSLS, Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons》2008,12(3):321-325
Spillage of gallstones may occur in the course of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The incidence of this mishap and its consequences are variable. Ignored by many surgeons, stone spillage may be the source of significant morbidity many years after surgery. In this report, we describe the clinical course of a patient who presented with upper abdominal pain and swelling. The past history was positive for laparoscopic cholecystectomy 15 years earlier. After excision, the swelling was found to be a pseudocyst formed around spilled gallstones during a previous cholecystectomy. Apart from postoperative wound infection, the patient recovered well and remains so. Here, we discuss the problem and provide suggestions for spillage prevention and stone retrieval once spillage occurs. 相似文献
5.
Chronic Prosthetic Hip Infection Caused by a Small-Colony Variant of Escherichia coli 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Andreas Roggenkamp Andreas Sing Mathias Hornef Ulrich Brunner Ingo B. Autenrieth Jürgen Heesemann 《Journal of clinical microbiology》1998,36(9):2530-2534
From two different specimens of a chronic prosthetic hip infection taken at an interval of 2 months a slow-growing gram-negative bacterium was isolated in pure culture. The strain grew with the typical features of a small-colony variant (SCV). 16S rRNA sequencing identified the bacterium as Escherichia coli. Biochemical characterization demonstrated multiple phenotypic alterations of a mutant carrying a defect in the heme biosynthetic pathway (Hem−): (i) catalase and nitrate reductase reactions were both negative, (ii) a negative benzidine reaction demonstrated the lack of heme-containing cytochromes, and (iii) growth stimulation under anaerobic conditions as well as gentamicin resistance indicated defective aerobic respiration. PCR and Southern hybridization demonstrated that the mutation of the SCV of E. coli was localized in the hemB gene and was most likely due to a deletion of the hemB gene. On blood agar plates revertants were recognized growing as normal-sized colonies between the dominant small colonies of the strain. Feeding experiments indicated that the revertants but not the small colonies were permeable for hemin. A strong antibody response against the infecting SCV of E. coli was found. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a Hem− E. coli strain as the etiological agent of a chronic bacterial infection. 相似文献
6.
Krushkal J; Xiong M; Ferrell R; Sing CF; Turner ST; Boerwinkle E 《Human molecular genetics》1998,7(9):1379-1383
Elevated blood pressure is an important risk factor for renal-, cerebro-
and cardiovascular diseases. We used an efficient discordant sib-pair
ascertainment scheme to investigate the impact of the distal end of the
long arm of human chromosome 5 (chromosomal region 5q31.1-qter) containing
genes for the alpha1B and beta2 adrenergic receptors and the dopamine
receptor type 1A on variation of systolic blood pressure in young
Caucasians. We measured eight highly polymorphic markers spanning this
positional candidate gene-rich region in 427 individuals from 55
three-generation pedigrees containing 69 discordant sibling pairs, and
calculated multipoint identity by descent (MIBD) probabilities. The results
of genetic linkage and association tests indicate that the region between
markers D5S2093 and D5S462 is significantly linked to one or more
polymorphic genes influencing interindividual variation in systolic blood
pressure levels. Since the alpha1B adrenergic receptor and dopamine
receptor type 1A genes are located close to these markers, these data
suggest that genetic variation in one or both of these G protein-coupled
receptors, which participate in the control of vascular tone, plays an
important role in influencing interindividual variation in systolic blood
pressure levels.
相似文献
7.
Wellinghausen N Sing A Kern WV Perner S Marre R Rentschler J 《International journal of medical microbiology : IJMM》2002,292(1):59-63
A 77-year-old farmer developed cough with sputum production, fever, bloody nasal discharge and a mass in his right maxillary sinus leading to necrotic ulceration of the sinus. Corynebacterium ulcerans, carrying the beta-phage for the diphtheria toxin and secreting the toxin, was detected microscopically and by culture from the sinusoidal and ulcer discharge. Despite immediate antimicrobial chemotherapy the patient died of pulmonary failure associated with the production of large amounts of very viscous sputum. Identification of the causative agent, pathophysiological aspects and risk factors of this unusal infection are discussed. 相似文献
8.
Sequence diversity and large-scale typing of SNPs in the human apolipoprotein E gene 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16 下载免费PDF全文
Nickerson DA Taylor SL Fullerton SM Weiss KM Clark AG Stengård JH Salomaa V Boerwinkle E Sing CF 《Genome research》2000,10(10):1532-1545
A common strategy for genotyping large samples begins with the characterization of human single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by sequencing candidate regions in a small sample for SNP discovery. This is usually followed by typing in a large sample those sites observed to vary in a smaller sample. We present results from a systematic investigation of variation at the human apolipoprotein E locus (APOE), as well as the evaluation of the two-tiered sampling strategy based on these data. We sequenced 5.5 kb spanning the entire APOE genomic region in a core sample of 72 individuals, including 24 each of African-Americans from Jackson, Mississippi; European-Americans from Rochester, Minnesota; and Europeans from North Karelia, Finland. This sequence survey detected 21 SNPs and 1 multiallelic indel, 14 of which had not been previously reported. Alleles varied in relative frequency among the populations, and 10 sites were polymorphic in only a single population sample. Oligonucleotide ligation assays (OLA) were developed for 20 of these sites (omitting the indel and a closely-linked SNP). These were then scored in 2179 individuals sampled from the same three populations (n = 843, 884, and 452, respectively). Relative allele frequencies were generally consistent with estimates from the core sample, although variation was found in some populations in the larger sample at SNPs that were monomorphic in the corresponding smaller core sample. Site variation in the larger samples showed no systematic deviation from Hardy-Weinberg expectation. The large OLA sample clearly showed that variation in many, but not all, of OLA-typed SNPs is significantly correlated with the classical protein-coding variants, implying that there may be important substructure within the classical epsilon 2, epsilon 3, and epsilon 4 alleles. Comparison of the levels and patterns of polymorphism in the core samples with those estimated for the OLA-typed samples shows how nucleotide diversity is underestimated when only a subset of sites are typed and underscores the importance of adequate population sampling at the polymorphism discovery stage. [The sequence data described in this paper have been submitted to the GenBank data library under accession no. AF261279.] 相似文献
9.
Lussier-Cacan S Bolduc A Xhignesse M Niyonsenga T Connelly PW Sing CF 《Clinical genetics》2000,57(1):35-47
This study was undertaken in 1695 adult subjects (870 women and 825 men) in order to further document the complexity of the influence of the apolipoprotein (apo) E genotypes on the mean levels and intragenotypic variability of seven measures of lipid metabolism. In addition, the statistical relationships between variability in these traits and variation in age, body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were assessed. The contribution of variation in age and body size to inter-individual variation was found to be dependent on context, defined by gender and apo E genotype. Our findings are consistent with the reality that it is neither genes nor environments, but their interactions that are responsible for the variation in risk of cardiovascular disease. 相似文献
10.
Lehner T Bergmeier LA Wang Y Tao L Sing M Spallek R van der Zee R 《European journal of immunology》2000,30(2):594-603
Heat shock proteins (HSP) are widely distributed and highly immunogenic molecules. A novel property reported here is that stimulation with HSP70 of CD8-enriched T cells derived from naive non-human primates caused a dose-dependent increase in concentrations of the beta-chemokines RANTES, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha or MIP-1beta. However, the concentrations of these beta-chemokines were greatly increased when the CD8 T cells derived from HSP70-immunized non-human primates were stimulated with HSP70. HSP linked to peptides or proteins combined generation of beta-chemokines with an adjuvant function by enhancing specific T cell proliferative responses and IgG and IgA antibodies. The beta-chemokine and adjuvant functions were also elicited by topical mucosal administration of HSP linked to an antigen. We postulate that microbial HSP can stimulate beta-chemokine production which may be responsible for innate adjuvanticity, as was found in cells eluted from normal rectal mucosal tissue, and constitutes a significant component of the mucosal-associated lymphoid system. Furthermore, stimulation of innate immunity may drive adaptive immunity and account for the protective effects of HSP against tumors and viruses. 相似文献