麦冬类中药组织切片计算机三维重建图鉴

利用计算机技术实现麦冬类中药组织连续切片三维重建与动态显示,为计算机辅助生药学鉴定和教学提供了新的三维图像技术和研究资料。     

Failure of endoscopic therapy in upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to duodenal ulcers.

OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic treatment in patients with upper gastrointestinal (UGIH) due to duodenal ulcer with high risk of persistent or recurrent bleeding and to determine the associated failure factors of this procedure. PATIENTS AND METHOD: three hundred and thirty-six patients with UGIH due to duodenal ulcer requiring endoscopic treatment were analyzed between January 1992 and December 2001. The patients were classified according to the endoscopic findings: a) patients with limited bleeding; and b) patients with persistent and/or recurrent bleeding due to therapeutic failure. The clinical guidelines followed in patients with endoscopic treatment failure were previously established in the internal protocol. The variables that obtained statistical significance in the univariate analysis were included in the logistic regression model to identify those with an independent predictive value for failure of the endoscopic treatment. RESULTS: mean age of the patients was 60 +/- 17 years, 271 (81%) were male. Bleeding with severe hemodynamic affectation was detected in 82 patients (24%). The most common location of the duodenal ulcer was on the anterosuperior part of the duodenal bulb (227 patients, 68%). In 43 patients (13%) the ulcer was larger than 2 cm. The bleeding stigmata were classified as: Forrest I in 125 (38%) and Forrest II in 211 (62%). It was initially reached in 297 patients (88%). Twenty-two patients required emergency surgery (6,5%) and the global mortality rate was 3%. Severe hemodynamic affectation at admission (OR 11.8, p>0.001), ulcers exceeding 2 cm (OR 6.95, p = 0.019) and the presence of active bleeding during endoscopy (Forrest I) (OR 3.55, p = 0.08) were the variables included in the multivariate analysis independently associated to endoscopic therapy failure. CONCLUSION: endoscopic therapy is an efficient treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to duodenal ulcer. By means of a clinical variable, the hemodynamic status and two endoscopies, bleeding stigmata and the size of the ulcer, a group of patients with high risk of endoscopic treatment failure can be selected.     

Bennett acceptance ratio method to calculate the binding free energy of BACE1 inhibitors: Theoretical model and design of new ligands of the enzyme

In recent years, the design, development, and evaluation of several inhibitors of the BACE1 enzyme, as part of Alzheimer's treatment, have gathered the scientific community's interest. Here, a linear regression model was built using binding free energy calculations through the Bennett acceptance ratio method for 20 known inhibitors of the BACE1 enzyme, with a Pearson coefficient of R = 0.88 and R² = 0.78. The validation of this model was verified employing eight additional random inhibitors, which also gave a linear correlation with R = 0.97 and R² = 0.93. Furthermore, this linear regression model was also used for proposing the structure of four potential BACE1 inhibitors, and the most active of them gave a theoretical K_d = 10 nM. However, these molecules have not been synthesized yet. Our team used a total time of more than 800 ns for the Molecular Dynamics to carry out this study, and all the software used were freely available.     

The Peru Cervical Cancer Screening Study (PERCAPS): The Design and Implementation of a Mother/Daughter Screen,Treat, and Vaccinate Program in the Peruvian Jungle

Peru struggles to prevent cervical cancer (CC). In the jungle, prevention programs suffer from significant barriers although technology exists to detect CC precursors. This study used community based participatory research (CBPR) methods to overcome barriers. The objective was to evaluate the utility of CBPR techniques in a mother–child screen/treat and vaccinate program for CC prevention in the Peruvian jungle. The CC prevention program used self-sampling for human papillomavirus (HPV) for screening, cryotherapy for treatment and the HPV vaccine Gardasil for vaccination. Community health leaders (HL) from around Iquitos participated in a two half day educational course. The HLs then decided how to implement interventions in their villages or urban sectors. The success of the program was measured by: (1) ability of the HLs to determine an implementation plan, (2) proper use of research forms, (3) participation and retention rates, and (4) participants’ satisfaction. HLs successfully registered 320 women at soup kitchens, schools, and health posts. Screening, treatment, and vaccination were successfully carried out using forms for registration, consent, and results with minimum error. In the screen/treat intervention 100 % of participants gave an HPV sample and 99.7 % reported high satisfaction; 81 % of HPV + women were treated, and 57 % returned for 6-month followup. Vaccine intervention: 98 % of girls received the 1st vaccine, 88 % of those received the 2nd, and 65 % the 3rd. CBPR techniques successfully helped implement a screen/treat and vaccinate CC prevention program around Iquitos, Peru. These techniques may be appropriate for large-scale preventive health-care interventions.     

Estudio mediante linfogammagrafía isotópica del edema postquirúrgico tras cirugía del sector fémoro-poplíteo

IntroductionPost-surgical oedema of the femoropopliteal segment is a frequent complication, unrelated to the severity of the previous symptoms or changes in subsequent distal arterial pressure. The aim of the study is to assess whether the oedema present in femoropopliteal bypass patients is of lymphatic origin, and the possible influence of the prosthesis and the type of intervention used.Patients and methodsAn analytical, observational and case-control study of 30 patients who had a femoropopliteal bypass. Isotopic lymphoscintigraphy of the superficial and deep lymphatic system was performed on both limbs in all patients selected for the study.ResultsThe saphenous vein was used in 19 patients and PTFE in 11. The patients were divided into controls, 15 without oedema, and cases, 15 with oedema. Surgery technique: 9 reconstructions of the popliteal portion (1^st p.p.), 18 third popliteal portion (3^rd p.p.), and 3 distal branches.Scintigraphy findings: Asymmetric lymphatic drainage between the 2 limbs was observed in the all 30 examinations, except 1 case (which did not have oedema). There was no lymphatic drainage in 5 cases (one developed oedema). Cases with controls and patients with an autologous or synthetic graft, as well as shunts above and below the knee, were compared. The only statistical difference obtained was that the latter developed oedema more often than those performed close to the knee.ConclusionsTherefore, the scintigraphy findings did not point to lymphatic damage as a cause of post-femoropopliteal surgery oedema. The material used did not appear to influence this. The below-knee shunts suffered more oedema than those above the knee.     

Use of 201Tl SPECT Imaging to Assess the Response to Therapy in Patients with High Grade Gliomas

Purpose. To assess the potential role of ²⁰¹Tl single photon emission tomography (201-Thallium SPECT) when compared to other imaging modalities in the evaluation of the response to therapy in high grade gliomas. Materials and methods. Twenty patients with histologically proved high grade glioma have been included: 15 with glioblastoma (GBM), 3 with anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) and 2 with anaplastic oligoastrocytoma (AOA). Patients were assessed by ²⁰¹Tl SPECT, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at (a) either at the moment of maximum response to first line chemotherapy, or after the completion of radiotherapy and chemotherapy if post-surgical residual disease was present, and (b) after the completion of second line chemotherapy if disease persisted, or either a relapse or disease progression was confirmed. Final response was evaluated according to the McDonald criteria, and by comparing SPECT, CT and MRI results. Results. According to the McDonald criteria, clinical response after first line chemotherapy was 5 partial response, 7 stable disease and 8 progressive disease. Evaluation by ²⁰¹Tl SPECT was in agreement with such criteria in nearly all patients (90%). MRI findings closely agreed with the clinical follow-up. CT findings clearly differed from those observed by SPECT and MRI. After second line therapy, 10 patients progressed, 3 had stable disease and 7 had partial response. ²⁰¹Tl SPECT agreed with the clinical status in 89% cases, whereas MRI and, specially CT, fared significantly lower. Conclusion. Compared to conventional neuroimaging, ²⁰¹Tl SPECT added valuable information in the assessment of the response to therapy in our patient population; whenever findings were not conclusive and in the case of disagreement between CT and MRI findings.     

多肽研究XX:丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)合成多肽的抗原性及线性抗体谱

依据蛋白质的亲水性、可亲性、柔韧性、抗原性、电荷分布及HPLC滞留系数等六种性质,使用“Goldkey”软件系统给出了HCV-BK各蛋白抗原决定簇预测曲线,共设计、合成15个多肽片段:P1(475～495),P3(449～468),P4(658～663),P5(645～663),P6(484～489),P7(475～489),P15(655～662),P16(230～237),P17(225～237),P18(1220～1240),P19(1694～1735),P24(1230～1240),P25(1482～1493),P26(384～389)和P27(2355～2389)。发现NS1区%和NS4区P19有很强的抗原性。用其检测PT-HC,阳性率分别为60%和63%。