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R. M. Fairchild C. E. J. Daniels P. R. Ellis† 《Journal of human nutrition and dietetics》1990,3(5):311-316
A food frequency of consumption questionnaire was completed by 137 diabetic outpatients attending the University of Wales Hospital in Cardiff, to provide information about the use of special dietary products.
Seventy-four per cent of the diabetics used special dietary products, the most popular of which were artificial sweeteners (45%) and preserves (47%), followed by squash (34%), sweets (31%) and chocolate (31%). Twenty per cent of diabetics consumed biscuits and tinned fruit. Cake and other products (e.g. jelly), were used by less than 10% of the respondents. Over half of all the diabetics consumed one or more products on a daily basis. The use of special products bore no significant relationship to the sex of the respondents, nor to the duration of the diabetes. However, a significantly higher proportion of the Insulin Dependent Diabetics (IDDM) group used dietary products compared with the Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetics (NIDDM) group. This can be explained largely by the differences in age between the diabetics; the under-18-year-old age group (who were all IDDM respondents) were the greatest users of sweets, chocolate and squash.
Forty-three per cent of diabetics who did not use special food products cited at least one reason for non-use. The reasons included dietetic advice (NIDDM respondents only), high cost, poor palatability, lack of availability and unsuitability for other members of the family. 相似文献
Seventy-four per cent of the diabetics used special dietary products, the most popular of which were artificial sweeteners (45%) and preserves (47%), followed by squash (34%), sweets (31%) and chocolate (31%). Twenty per cent of diabetics consumed biscuits and tinned fruit. Cake and other products (e.g. jelly), were used by less than 10% of the respondents. Over half of all the diabetics consumed one or more products on a daily basis. The use of special products bore no significant relationship to the sex of the respondents, nor to the duration of the diabetes. However, a significantly higher proportion of the Insulin Dependent Diabetics (IDDM) group used dietary products compared with the Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetics (NIDDM) group. This can be explained largely by the differences in age between the diabetics; the under-18-year-old age group (who were all IDDM respondents) were the greatest users of sweets, chocolate and squash.
Forty-three per cent of diabetics who did not use special food products cited at least one reason for non-use. The reasons included dietetic advice (NIDDM respondents only), high cost, poor palatability, lack of availability and unsuitability for other members of the family. 相似文献
3.
Anil S Paramesh Ralph B Fairchild Theresa M Quinn Fred Leya Magdalene George David H Van Thiel 《Liver transplantation》2005,11(2):236-238
A 53-year-old male with hepatitis C cirrhosis, who had been refused liver transplantation because of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC), underwent nonsurgical septal ablation using alcohol with resolution of his ventricular outflow obstruction. This patient was able to subsequently undergo a successful deceased donor liver transplantation. This is the first reported case of alcohol induced septal ablation being performed in a cirrhotic patient with HC. Such nonsurgical procedures may be attractive in cirrhotic patients who are refused access to liver transplantation because of high surgical risk. 相似文献
4.
Many new insights have been gained over the past 5 years into the mechanisms that regulate immune reactivity to cell and organ transplants. This new knowledge is being applied to the development of innovative experimental strategies that may soon be evaluated in the clinic. 相似文献
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Promoting clinically effective practice: general practitioners' awareness of sources of research evidence 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Prescott K; Lloyd M; Douglas HR; Haines A; Humphrey C; Rosenthal J; Watt I 《Family practice》1997,14(4):320-323
BACKGROUND: Practitioners are being encouraged to base their clinical
practice on research evidence. In order to do this, they must be aware of
and use the sources of evidence. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was
undertaken to establish GPs' awareness of research evidence in their
clinical practice and, in fundholding practices, its influence on
purchasing plans. Questionnaires were sent to 360 lead fundholders in North
Thames Region and 440 of a random sample of the remaining general
practitioners in the region for comparison. RESULTS: Questionnaires were
returned by 62% of lead fundholders and 63% of GPs in the random sample.
There was limited use of the electronic sources of clinical effectiveness.
There was greater reported awareness of published sources of research
evidence and fundholding GPs were significantly more likely to have
referred to publications summarizing research evidence. CONCLUSIONS: GPs
seem to make more use of published clinical effectiveness sources than the
electronic databases. Consequently, they need educational and technical
support if they are to make full use of the available sources of research
evidence available in other media.
相似文献
7.
Liver-infiltrating T helper cells in autoimmune chronic active hepatitis stimulate the production of autoantibodies against the human asialoglycoprotein receptor in vitro. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
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H. L
HR U. TREICHEL T. PORALLA M. MANNS K. H. MEYER ZUM BÜSCHENFELDE B. FLEISCHER 《Clinical and experimental immunology》1992,88(1):45-49
Autoantibodies against the human asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) occur in the sera of patients with autoimmune liver disorders. Liver-infiltrating T cell clones that specifically recognize the ASGPR have been described in patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis (AI-CAH) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Recently, we have shown that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with AI-CAH or PBC but not chronic viral hepatitis secreted anti-ASGPR antibodies in vitro. In this study we characterized the influence of liver-infiltrating T cells on the secretion of ASGPR-specific autoantibodies by autologous B cells in cell culture supernatants. T cell clones from liver biopsies of three patients with chronic autoimmune liver disorders (one with AI-CAH, two with PBC) were isolated and investigated for their proliferative response to soluble ASGPR and their helper function provided to autoantibody-secreting B lymphocytes. PBMC from these patients secreted autoantibodies spontaneously in their cell culture supernatants and showed a proliferative response to ASGPR. T cell-depleted PBMC, however, lacked spontaneous antibody secretion. Four CD4+CD8- liver-infiltrating T cell clones showed a proliferative response to ASGPR and also induced spontaneous anti-ASGPR antibody production in cell culture supernatants when added to autologous T cell depleted PBMC. Activated supernatants of these T cell clones failed to induce antibody production. None of seven CD4+CD8- and two CD4-CD8+ T cell clones non-responding to ASGPR provided this help for antibody secretion. Anti-ASGPR secretion in vitro could not be inhibited by the addition of MoAbs raised against monomorphic determinants on HLA class II molecules. The addition of purified ASGPR or polyclonal-activating pokeweed mitogen showed no influence on the production of autoantibodies in these cultures. These data show that B lymphocytes require T cell help for the production of ASGPR-specific antibodies. This help can be provided by ASGPR-responsive T helper cells via cellular interactions. 相似文献
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9.
We have established a novel monoclonal antibody that recognises mouse and rat CD157, and uncovered striking differences in both the level and stage of expression of this antigen in the primary lymphoid organs between these two species. Unlike mouse, the majority of rat thymocytes express CD 157. SHR and WKY rats were the exception, having unusually low levels (similar to those of the mouse) of these cells. However, in both species, a subset of CD3- CD4- CD8- thymocytes exhibited high levels of CD157. Surprisingly, these CD157high cells temporarily upregulated MHC class I molecules in both species. Furthermore, a third of CD157high rat thymocytes were CD45RC+, a marker found on immature thymocytes with regenerative capacity. Examination of the bone marrow lymphoid population shows that the expression of rat CD157 is largely observed at the CD45R+ IgM- pre-B-II cell stage, and unlike mouse, extension of expression into the IgM+ immature B cell stage was marginal. Similar to CD157high immature thymocytes, these immature B cells also expressed high levels of MHC class I. With the exception of the LEC, SHR and WKY rat strains, which have three- to four-fold less CD157+ bone marrow myeloid cells, percentages of these cells are similar between these two species. Thus, marked differences in the level and stage(s) of CD157 expression on lymphoid cells in mouse and rat indicate that CD157 may not, as previously thought, have a direct role in T or B cell differentiation. 相似文献
10.
Bayer J Gomer A Demir Y Amano H Kish DD Fairchild R Heeger PS 《Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.)》2004,110(1):100-108
Green tea polyphenols (GrTP), the active ingredient of green tea, may have immunosuppressive properties, but whether and how GrTP affect transplant-reactive T cells is unknown. To address this, we tested the effects of GrTP on in vitro and in vivo transplant-reactive T cell immunity. GrTP inhibited IFNgamma secretion by cultured monoclonal T cells and by alloreactive T cells in mixed lymphocyte reactions. Oral GrTP significantly prolonged minor antigen-disparate skin graft survival and decreased the frequency of donor-reactive interferon gamma-producing T cells in recipient secondary lymphoid organs compared to controls. In contrast to other hypothesized actions, oral GrTP did not alter dendritic cell trafficking to lymph nodes or affect metalloproteinase activity in the graft. This is the first report of an immunosuppressive effect of GrTP on transplant-reactive T cell immunity. The results suggest that oral intake of green tea could act as an adjunctive therapy for prevention of transplant rejection in humans. 相似文献