良性前列腺增生与前列腺慢性炎症的相关性研究进展

良性前列腺增生（BPH）是老年男性常见的泌尿系统疾病，其发病与前列腺慢性炎症之间存在显著相关。感染因子、尿液返流、代谢综合征、衰老过程和自身免疫应答在内的几种刺激，通过相应分子途径引起前列腺免疫细胞的组织定位和组成成分发生广泛改变，从而导致免疫系统失调，之后引发的组织损伤和缓慢愈合，导致了BPH发生和进展。本文通过总结良性前列腺增生与前列腺慢性炎症的相关性的临床研究结果，前列腺免疫细胞在病理生理机制层面与前两者之间的内在联系，以及抗炎药物对BPH-LUTS的干预作用，以其为BPH-LUTS的药物研发提供参考。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

综合指数法在某重水堆核燃料元件生产线职业病危害评价中的应用

应用《工作场所化学有害因素职业健康风险评估技术导则》中的综合指数法进行某重水堆核燃料元件生产线的风险评估。结果显示,生产线岗位人员接触的主要化学有害因素为氨和硝酸,风险等级为中等风险。综合指数法评估结果不同于现行的标准限值比较法,应用综合指数法得出的结果更有利于企业进行职业健康风险分级管理,有针对性地降低风险水平,保护职业健康。     

一次性湿热交换器在新生儿机械通气长途转运中应用的效果分析

目的探讨研究一次性湿热交换器在新生儿机械通气长途转运中应用的临床意义。方法 2017年1月-2017年12月,我院120转运中心长途转运接收786例机械通气新生儿,786例患儿随机分为常规气道护理(对照组)和转运途中应用一次性湿热交换器组(治疗组),对比转运过程中的吸痰次数、肉眼可见痰痂形成率、堵管发生率、脱管发生率、人机对抗发生率。结果研究数据显示治疗组吸痰次数、肉眼可见痰痂形成率、堵管发生率、脱管发生率、人机对抗发生率有显著性差异(P<0.05)明显低于对照组。结论在机械通气新生儿长途转运中,一次性湿热交换器的可减少转运患儿吸痰次数发生率、降低肉眼可见痰痂形成率、堵管发生率、脱管发生率、人机对抗发生率具有明显优越性,值得推广。     

314名妇女细菌性阴道病的实验诊断

细菌性阴道病(BV)的诊断常靠实验室,我们报告314名健康妇女进行了阴道分泌物检查的实验结果。一、对象:314名21～50岁的非月经期及一个月     

诊治浅层角膜异物体会

本文就我院2006年1月至2008年6月期间139例角膜异物患者的一般资料、治疗方法和方法经行分析。     

60Co辐照饲料的试验研究

用50 kGy 60Co-γ射线对大、小鼠颗粒饲料进行辐照灭菌,并研究了该辐照饲料的营养成分变化及其饲喂效果.结果表明,饲料经辐照灭菌后可达无菌要求,饲料粗蛋白、蛋氨酸明显减少,维生素A、E、B1、B6减少,其它营养成分无明显变化;而用高压蒸汽法灭菌的饲料,粗蛋白、精氨酸、赖氨酸和蛋氨酸明显减少,且维生素A、B1、B2、B6损失较多.用两种灭菌饲料分别饲喂BALB/cA裸小鼠,辐照组裸小鼠的增重明显高于高热组,且其窝产仔数、离乳数、离乳率均明显高于高热组(P《0.05),但两组间的第一胎初生重无明显差异(P》0.05).辐照灭菌饲料对裸小鼠的生长和繁殖均无不良影响.     

对Miles直肠癌根治术病人的家庭健康教育

直肠癌是消化道最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，占大肠癌的60％～75％，其中低位直肠癌特别是距齿线5cm以下的直肠癌，多采用经腹会阴联合直肠癌切除术(Miles)，即在左下腹永久性结肠造(人造肛门)。如何指导病人及家属进行结肠造口的护理，提高病人的生活质量，使病人融入社会，如平常人一样工作、生活，是护理工作的主要内容之     

电子平面喉镜在咽喉部的应用

喉属于下咽腔,不仅位置深,而且上有会厌遮盖,所以喉部疾患需要特殊的检查仪器。其方法有两种:一种是间接喉镜,但其视野小,特别是梨状窝疾患难予发现,而且没有立体感,仅供医生自己看。对于婴儿型会厌者根本暴露不出喉内情况,尚需钩起会厌。另一种是直达喉镜,也就是金属管,术中需要口咽部和喉咽部充分麻醉,当直达喉镜前唇挑起会厌时,患者也感到十分痛苦。随着喉万能的新生而逐渐被代替。对于类似支撑喉镜、纤维喉镜之类不易被患者所接受,特别是声音嘶哑的儿童更为恐惧,拒绝检查。我院自1995年购置了德国狼牌电子平面喉镜以来,深受咽喉病患者好评,一是患者无痛苦;二是视野清晰,立体感强,喉部解剖充分暴露。不仅医生看,而患者及家属也能一目了然。特别是对于儿童也能一次确诊,现将200例患者检查诊断及治疗情况报告如下。