生物代谢过程的热力学研究——乙醇生成的理论转化率及代谢能级特征

根据生物代谢状态方程和代谢反应一般表达式,解析由葡萄糖生成乙醇的生物代谢过程。结果表明,该过程是一个可达到热力学最大可能性的过程,该代谢过程的热力学最大可能性转化率为51.1%,方程的解与依据代谢途径直接核算的结果一致,说明这些代谢途径已实现了热力学上的最大可能性。研究表明由葡萄糖生成乙醇的代谢过程具有非连续的能级特征。研究结果为深入解析代谢过程的物理意义奠定了基础。     

Blood cholinesterase levels among agricultural workers in four Asian countries

In this study whole blood cholinesterase activities were determined (tintometric method) of agricultural pesticide users exposed to organophosphorus compounds in Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka and Thailand. Analysis of the data demonstrated a universal relationship between cholinesterase levels and the time between the last exposure to organophosphorus compounds and the day of blood collection for cholinesterase determination. It is suggested that it takes approximately 5 days before whole blood cholinesterase levels revert to their normal values. No relationship between whole blood cholinesterase levels and the sex of pesticide users was demonstrated except in Sri Lanka where female sprayers had lower values. It is suggested that these lower values are associated with the anaemic status of female agricultural workers. No relationship between whole blood cholinesterase level and age was demonstrated. The measurement of pre-exposure cholinesterase values is essential for comparison of values after pesticide application.     

Detection of highly pathogenic and low pathogenic avian influenza subtype H5 (Eurasian lineage) using NASBA

Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) is a technique that allows the rapid amplification of specific regions of nucleic acid obtained from a diverse range of sources. It is especially suitable for amplifying RNA sequences. A NASBA technique has been developed that allows the detection of avian influenza A subtype H5 from allantoic fluid harvested from inoculated chick embryos. The amplified viral RNA is detected by electrochemiluminescence. The NASBA technique described below is rapid and specific for the identification of influenza A subtype H5 viruses of the Eurasian lineage. More importantly, it can be used to distinguish highly pathogenic and low pathogenic strains of the H5 subtype.     

农村合作医疗面临的问题和对策思考

随着农村经济体制改革的深入,构筑健全完善的农村社会保障体系显得更为紧迫。作为农村社会保障体系重要内容之一的合作医疗制度,多年来为保障广大农村居民身体健康,促进农村经济社会发展发挥了重要作用。然而,许多同志在实践中都有体会,办合作医疗是好事,但是这样的好事却非常难办,面临的困难和问题很多。1 农村合作医疗面临的主要困难一是认识难统一。合作医疗的参加对象是农民,农     

Patient maintained alfentanil target-controlled infusion for analgesia during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine whether alfentanil given by a pharmacokinetic-based target controlled infusion (TCI) system under patient control is a suitable analgesic technique for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL).

Methods

The design was an open, unblinded, noncomparative, prospective study. Forty outpatients undergoing ESWL were given patient maintained alfentanil TCI. Pain, nausea and sedation were assessed every 300 shocks. Vital signs were recorded every three minutes, pulse oximetry and electrocardiography being monitored continuously. Blood alfentanil concentration was measured for comparison with the predicted value.

Results

Alfentanil consumption (median 1.34 mg, range 0.8–3.6) and measured levels following treatment (median 60 ng·ml^?1, range 15.6–134.3) varied widely. The precision of the TCI system and the median prediction error (bias) were both 49%. The median of pain scores recorded during treatment was 4 (range 0–8). The median respiration rate was 15 bpm (range 10–23), three patients required oxygen (SaO₂ < 92%) Cardiovascular measurements were stable and there was no excessive sedation. The incidence of nausea was 15%. All patients were ready for hospital discharge within one hour following treatment.

Conclusions

Patient maintained alfentanil TCI provides good analgesia for ESWL in the majority of patients with little sedation. Respiratory depression is uncommon but supplementary oxygen should be given prophylactically. There is considerable interindividual variation in demand for alfentanil indicating the usefulness of the patient control method. The TCI system underestimated alfentanil blood concentrations but this did not affect its clinical usefulness.     

复方鳖甲软肝片对心肌成纤维细胞增殖影响的研究

目的　观察复方鳖甲软肝片对心肌成纤维细胞 (CFs)增殖的影响。方法　采用培养的新生大鼠CFs,以MTT作为反映细胞增殖的指标 ,流式细胞仪分析细胞周期。结果　复方鳖甲软肝片能明显抑制CFs增殖 ,并将细胞周期阻抑在G1期 ,强度与氯沙坦相近。结论　复方鳖甲软肝片具有防治心肌纤维化的作用。     

左氟沙星市场透析

目的 :了解我国左氟沙星市场现状及发展趋势。方法 :对左氟沙星的国内、外生产和销售情况进行分析 ,进而预测其市场前景。结果与结论 :我国左氟沙星市场前景广阔 ,竞争日趋激烈 ,工商企业应密切注意市场变化。     

Efficacy and safety evaluation of human reovirus type 3 in immunocompetent animals: racine and nonhuman primates.

PURPOSE: Human reovirus type 3 has been proposed to kill cancer cells with an activated Ras signaling pathway. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of reovirus in immunocompetent glioma animal models and safety/toxicity in immunocompetent animals, including nonhuman primates. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Racine glioma cells 9L and RG2 were implanted s.c. or intracranially in Fisher 344 rats with or without reovirus antibodies, followed by treatment of reovirus. To study whether reovirus kills contralateral tumors in the brain and to determine viral distribution, we established an in situ dual tumor model followed by reovirus intratumoral inoculation only into the ipsilateral tumor. To evaluate neurotoxicity/safety of reovirus, Cynomolgus monkeys and immunocompetent rats were given intracranially with reovirus, and pathological examination and/or behavioral studies were done. Viral shedding and clinical biochemistry were systematically studied in monkeys. RESULTS: Intratumorally given reovirus significantly suppressed the growth of both s.c. and intracranially tumors and significantly prolonged survival. The presence of reovirus-neutralizing antibodies did not abort the reovirus' antitumor effect. Reovirus inhibited glioma growth intracranially in the ipsilateral but not the contralateral tumors; viral load in ipsilateral tumors was 15 to 330-fold higher than the contralateral tumors. No encephalitis or behavioral abnormalities were found in monkeys and rats given reovirus intracranially. No treatment-related clinical biochemistry changes or diffuse histopathological abnormality were found in monkeys inoculated intracranially with Good Manufacturing Practice prepared reovirus. Microscopic changes were confined to the region of viral inoculation and were dose related, suggesting reovirus intracranially was well tolerated in nonhuman primates. CONCLUSIONS: These data show the efficacy and safety of reovirus when it is used in the treatment of gliomas in immunocompetent hosts. Inoculation of reovirus into the brain of nonhuman primates did not produce significant toxicities.