雌激素替代治疗与老年痴呆

老年性痴呆症是随年龄增长发生的由于智力和记忆力严重受损而影响到生活不能自理的综合症。随着人口的老龄化，老年性痴呆在许多发达国家已成为严重的社会卫生难题，从而受到重视。近年发现，绝经后妇女雌激素替代治疗（ＥｓｔｒｏｇｅｎＲｅｐｌａｃｅｍｅｎｔＴｈｅｒａ...     

晚期癌症病人的临床护理

晚期癌症,在现代医学中尚无法使病人治疗后得到痊愈。如何为这一时期的病人提供良好的服务,使他们能尊严地、舒适地度过人生最后时光,根据临床工作的经验,我们总结如下。对象：姑息性治疗的病人３２例,其中男２１例,女１１例,在调查期间死亡的４例,年龄在３５～８...     

Restricted localization of L1 and N-CAM at sites of contact between Schwann cells and neurites in culture

Schwann cell-axon contacts in developing and regenerating peripheral nerve in situ contain high levels of the recognition molecules L1 and N-CAM, while the molecules are not detectable at the ab-axonal cell surface of Schwann cells. To investigate whether Schwann cells, axons, or both contribute to the localization of the molecules at Schwann cell-axon contacts, a heterologous cell culture system consisting of Schwann cells from mice and neurons from chicken was investigated by immunoelectron microscopy using species-specific L1 and N-CAM antibodies. We showed that Schwann cells expressed both molecules only at sites of contact between Schwann cells and neurites and other Schwann cells. Schwann cells not in contact with other cells expressed both molecules on their entire cell surface. In contrast, neurites expressed G4, an L1-related molecule in chicken, on their entire cell surface independently of whether they were in contact with other cells or not. Thus, cultured Schwann cells localize L1 and N-CAM selectively at cell contact sites and may thereby stabilize their attachment to the neighboring cellular partners. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

斑秃血清免疫指标和血浆皮质醇测定的临床观察

为了解斑秃病人的细胞和体液免疫功能以及肾上腺皮质功能,自1978年9月起到1979年10月止,我们选择无活动性脏器损害,无精神神经系和内分泌疾病临床表现的b5名斑、普秃病人,在未给于任何治疗前进行了血清免疫球蛋白、淋巴细胞转化、自然玫瑰花形成试验和血浆皮质醇的测定,观察如下.     

中学生父母养育方式与学习成绩的相关性研究

目的 了解中学生父母养育方式与学习成绩的关系。方法 采用父母养育方式评价量表(EMBU)对某中学654名学生进行测查,并统计他们的学习成绩,再分析两者之间的关系。结果 情感温暖、惩罚严厉、拒绝否认、过度保护等养育方式与学生学习成绩呈正相关或负相关,且达到显著性水平。结论 父母养育方式是影响子女学习成绩的因素之一。     

Disulfide cross-linked micelles for the targeted delivery of vincristine to B-cell lymphoma

Vincristine (VCR) is a potent anticancer drug, but its clinical efficacy is limited by neurotoxicity. The field of drug delivery may provide an opportunity to increase the therapeutic index of VCR by delivering the drug specifically to tumor sites while sparing normal tissue. We have recently developed a telodendrimer (PEG(5k)-Cys(4)-L(8)-CA(8)) capable of forming disulfide cross-linked micelles (DCMs) which can encapsulate a variety of chemotherapeutics. In the present study, we encapsulated VCR into these micelles (DCM-VCR) and used them to treat lymphoma bearing mice. DCM-VCR particles have a size of 16 nm, which has been shown to be optimal for their accumulation into tumor via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Compared to our first-generation non-cross-linked micelles (NCMs), DCM-VCR demonstrated greater stability and slower drug release under physiological conditions. In addition, DCM-VCR exhibited a maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 3.5 mg/kg while the MTD for conventional VCR was only 1.5 mg/kg. Using a near-infrared cyanine dye (DiD) as the surrogate drug, we showed that DCM-VCR accumulated at the tumor site starting 1 h after injection and persisted up to 72 h in lymphoma xenografted nude mice. In an in vivo efficacy study, high dose (2.5 mg/kg) DCM-VCR produced the greatest reduction in tumor volume. High dose DCM-VCR was well tolerated with no significant changes in complete blood count, serum chemistry and histology of the sciatic nerve. Mice treated with an equivalent dose (1 mg/kg) of conventional VCR and DCM-VCR controlled tumor growth equally; however, in combination with on-demand addition of the reducing agent N-acetylcysteine, DCM-VCR exhibited a superior antitumor effect compared to conventional VCR.     

Characterization of high-affinity peptides and their feasibility for use in nanotherapeutics targeting leukemia stem cells

Peptides featuring the LR(S/T) motif were identified that could specifically bind to the C-type lectin-like molecule-1 (CLL1), a protein preferentially expressed on acute myeloid leukemia stem cells (LSCs). Micellar nanoparticles were covalently decorated with CLL1-targeting peptides for targeted drug delivery. The resulting peptide-coated nanoparticles were 13.5 nm in diameter and could be loaded with 5 mg of daunorubicin per 20 mg of telodendrimers. These "targeting nanomicelles" transported the drug load to the interior of cells expressing CLL1 and to LSCs isolated from clinical specimens in vitro, but did not bind to normal blood or normal hematopoietic stem cells. The presence of CLL1-targeting peptides on the surface of the nanomicelles enabled the improved binding and delivery of substantially more daunorubicin into the cells expressing CLL1 and CD34(+) leukemic cells compared with unmodified nanomicelles. In conclusion, nanomicelles coated with CLL1-targeting peptides are potentially useful for eradicating LSCs and improving leukemia therapy. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR: Micellar nanoparticles covalently decorated with targeting peptides were used for targeted drug delivery of daunorubicin to address acute myeloid leukemia stem cells.     

孟河医派特色炮制猪心血拌丹参及其他炮制品活性成分与抗脑缺血氧化损伤相关性分析

目的 分析猪心血拌丹参及其他丹参炮制品中11个小分子活性成分及1个蛋白成分与抗脑缺血氧化损伤的相关性,明确猪心血拌丹参抗脑缺血氧化损伤的关键成分标志物。方法 采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）同时测定丹参、猪心血拌丹参、猪血拌丹参、酒拌丹参、猪血清转铁蛋白（Tf）拌丹参5种饮片中11种活性成分含量;采用酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）检测丹参不同炮制品中Tf的含量。构建斑马鱼缺血性脑卒中模型,考察丹参不同炮制品对脑缺血斑马鱼行为轨迹、转基因斑马鱼Tg（elavl3：eGFP）脑神经元损伤及脑组织中丙二醛（MDA）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）水平的影响;构建糖氧剥夺/复氧（OGD/R）诱导的小鼠海马神经细胞缺血缺氧模型,以乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、活性氧（ROS）、MDA和SOD为评价指标,考察丹参不同炮制品对神经细胞氧化损伤的影响;通过主成分分析（PCA）、偏最小二乘判别法-判别分析（PLS-DA）及Spearman相关性分析对11个小分子活性成分及1个蛋白成分与药效指标进行分析,筛选猪心血拌丹参抗脑缺血氧化损伤的关键成分标志物。结果 与丹参比较,丹参各炮制品中水溶性、脂溶性成分含量均呈不同程度的升高,而丹酚酸A成分含量降低;与酒拌丹参比较,猪心血拌丹参、猪血拌丹参及Tf拌丹参中丹酚酸B、丹参素、迷迭香酸等成分含量均升高,而丹酚酸A含量降低。ELISA结果显示,猪心血拌丹参、猪血拌丹参及Tf拌丹参中均含有Tf蛋白,且三者含量差异无统计学意义。药效结果显示,丹参不同炮制品均能改善斑马鱼缺血性脑卒中后出现的行为缺陷、脑神经元损伤及氧化应激,且猪心血拌丹参组作用最明显。PCA结果显示,丹酚酸B、丹酚酸A、迷迭香酸、紫草酸、丹参素、咖啡酸、丹参酮Ⅱ_A、隐丹参酮、丹参酮Ⅰ为丹参及其炮制品中的主要贡献成分。相关性分析结果显示,隐丹参酮、迷迭香酸、咖啡酸、二氢丹参酮Ⅰ、丹酚酸B、丹参酮Ⅱ_A、丹参酮Ⅰ与斑马鱼脑组织中MDA水平呈负相关,紫草酸、原儿茶醛、迷迭香酸、二氢丹参酮Ⅰ、丹酚酸B、Tf与SOD水平呈正相关,迷迭香酸、咖啡酸、二氢丹参酮Ⅰ、丹酚酸B、丹参酮Ⅱ_A、丹参酮Ⅰ、丹参素、Tf与斑马鱼脑神经元荧光强度呈正相关;紫草酸、原儿茶醛、迷迭香酸、二氢丹参酮Ⅰ、丹酚酸B、丹参素、Tf与HT22细胞中LDH、ROS、MDA水平呈负相关,与SOD水平呈正相关。结论 丹参及其不同炮制品抗脑缺血氧化损伤作用存在差异,其中以猪心血拌丹参改善氧化损伤作用最强,这可能与丹酚酸B、丹参素、迷迭香酸等成分的含量变化有关,可为明确该孟河医派特色炮制品抗脑缺血质量标志物及阐明其炮制机制提供依据。     

肺表面活性物质联合布地奈德治疗早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征改善短期呼吸系统合并症的疗效

目的 回顾性分析出生后早期以肺表面活性物质(PS)为载体气管内滴入布地奈德治疗早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)改善早产儿短期呼吸系统合并症的有效性.方法 采用回顾性研究方法,选取2014年1月至2018年12月本院新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)1 h内收治的胎龄26～32周、生后呼吸困难进行性加重诊断为RDS的早产儿为研...