护理健康教育模式的研究及应用

借鉴国外先进护理模式，研制适合我国医疗制度改革需要的护理健康教育工作模式，推行高质量、高效率工作方法，建立标准化护理健康教育工作程序、管理及评价体系、工作职责条文、记录表格等，并选择5家省、市级医院作为主要试点对象，对全国10个省、市、地区医院的3000名护理人员进行随机抽样调查。结果 93％省级医院和84％市级医院护士对研制的护理健康教育模式满意，80％地区级医院护士认为模式中的主要项目可以应用。结论：研制的护理健康教育模式可以在不同等级医院和社会应用推广。     

胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ在非酒精性脂肪肝病变中的变化

目的研究血清胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ(IGFⅠ)与非酒精性脂肪肝的关系。方法采用夹心酶联免疫分析的方法测定60例非酒精性脂肪肝患者和40名健康对照血清IGFⅠ水平,并比较两组IGF1、血脂[胆固醇(Chol)、三酰甘油(TG)]、空腹血糖(Glu)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)的测定结果。结果脂肪肝组的血清IGF1水平为(162.0±46.6)ng/ml,健康组血清IGF1水平为(189.0±37.4)ng/ml,结果差异具有显著性(P<0.01)。两组的TG、Glu差异也有显著性(P<0.05),其他指标差异无显著性。结论非酒精性脂肪肝患者的IGF1水平下降与脂肪肝的形成有关,同时可能加重凋亡对已发生脂肪变性的肝细胞的损伤。     

精神病混合家系GRIK2基因多态性的关联研究

目的　在中国汉族人群混合家系中探讨GRIK2基因多态性与精神分裂症、心境障碍是否 关联。方法　采用PCR RFLP技术对GRIK2基因多态性rs6922753(T/C)和rs2227283(G/A)分型,进行 传递不平衡检验(TDT)。结果　(1)rs6922753多态性与精神分裂症(χ2=3.13,P>0.05)或心境障碍 (χ2=3.20,P>0.05)无关联,但在发病年龄≤25岁的患者中与两组疾病均相关联(P<0.05);(2) rs2227283多态性与精神分裂症(χ2=9.85,P<0.01)、心境障碍(χ2=13.50,P<0.01)呈显著关联;(3) 双位点TDT提示单体型TG、CA与精神分裂症、心境障碍相关联(P<0.05)。结论　在中国汉族人群 中GRIK2基因或邻近基因可能是精神分裂症和心境障碍的共同易患基因之一,并可能影响发病年龄。     

恶性梗阻性黄疸的外科姑息治疗

不能切除肿瘤的恶性梗阻性黄疸的外科姑息治疗方法繁多，本文介绍自1989年以来，采取开腹经不同途径的带支撑导管胆肠内引流的方法治疗30例，减黄确切，尚对7例高位胆管癌在解除胆道梗阻的基础上行术后(192)Ir和(60)Co联合放疗，提高了病人生存质量及延长了生命。     

海洛因依赖者住院脱毒过程中的不良事件及其相关因素分析

目的:了解海洛因依赖者住院脱毒过程中出现的不良事件及其相关因素。方法:采用回顾性的方法,对630例海洛因依赖者在住院脱毒过程中出现的各种不良事件进行调查,并对相关因素进行分析。结果:不良事件的总发生率为17.6％。Logistic回归分析显示,整组不良事件患者的危险因素不明确。按不良事件的严重程度归类分组分析,其危险因素依次为:美沙酮最高剂量,血常规异常,合用抗精神病药物的种类以及目前吸食方式。结论:海洛因依赖者住院脱毒过程中不良事件较常见,它的发生既有患者自身的原因,又有医源性因素,值得重视。     

Gene dosage-dependent effects of cardiac-specific overexpression of the A3 adenosine receptor

We used a genetic approach to determine whether increasing the level of A3 adenosine receptors (A3ARs) expressed in the heart confers protection against ischemia without causing cardiac pathology. We generated mice carrying one (A3tg.1) or six (A3tg.6) copies of a transgene consisting of the cardiomyocyte-specific alpha-myosin heavy chain gene promoter and the A3AR cDNA. A3tg.1 and A3tg.6 mice expressed 12.7+/-3.15 and 66.3+/-9.4 fmol/mg of the high-affinity G protein-coupled form of the A3AR in the myocardium, respectively. Extensive morphological, histological, and functional analyses demonstrated that there were no apparent abnormalities in A3tg.1 transgenic mice compared with nontransgenic mice. In contrast, A3tg.6 mice exhibited dilated hearts, expression of markers of hypertrophy, bradycardia, hypotension, and systolic dysfunction. When A3tg mice were subjected to 30 minutes of coronary occlusion and 24 hours of reperfusion, infarct size was reduced approximately 30% in A3tg.1 mice and approximately 40% in A3tg.6 mice compared with nontransgenic littermates. The reduction in infarct size in the transgenic mice was not related to differences in risk region size, systemic hemodynamics, or body temperature, indicating that the cardioprotection was a result of increased A3AR signaling in the ischemic myocardium. The results demonstrate that low-level expression of A3ARs in the heart provides effective protection against ischemic injury without detectable adverse effects, whereas higher levels of A3AR expression lead to the development of a dilated cardiomyopathy.     

食管癌患者围放疗期营养管理指南的质量评价

目的 对食管癌患者围放疗期营养管理相关指南及专家共识进行质量评价,并汇总相关推荐意见,为制订食管癌患者围放疗期营养护理实践标准提供参考。方法 计算机检索国内外指南网、相关学会网站及数据库中关于食管癌患者围放疗期营养管理的相关指南及专家共识,检索时限为建库至2020年4月28日。采用标准的质量评价工具对指南及专家共识进行质量评价,汇总食管癌患者围放疗期营养管理相关推荐意见。结果 共纳入5篇指南和4篇专家共识。5篇指南中1篇为A级推荐、4篇为B级推荐;4篇专家共识的质量评价结果中条目1~5均为“是”、条目6均为“否”。食管癌患者围放疗期营养管理相关推荐意见涉及营养不良诊断、营养治疗、营养素、改善食欲、维持吞咽功能、运动、家庭营养治疗、营养治疗的效果评价、随访9个方面,共23项内容。结论 纳入的指南和专家共识质量有待提高,汇总的食管癌患者围放疗期营养管理相关推荐意见可为进一步制订营养护理实践标准提供参考。     

Association of genetic variation in CACNA1C with bipolar disorder in Han Chinese

Background

A growing body of evidence highlights the existence of shared genetic susceptibility to both major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD), suggesting some potential genetic overlap between the disorders. Genome-wide association studies have identified consistent association of single nucleotide polymorphisms of the α-1 C subunit of the L-type voltage-gated calcium channel gene (CACNA1C) with MDD and BD, suggesting CACNA1C as a promising candidate gene for susceptibility to mood disorders. In the present study, we tested the association of CACNA1C with MDD and BD in Han Chinese.

Methods

We genotyped three potentially functional polymorphisms in 635 MDD patients, 286 BD patients and 730 normal, control patients.

Results

The genotype frequencies of SNP rs1051375 showed statistically significant differences between the BD and control groups (P=0.005). At the allele level, the difference of G allele frequency of rs1051375 between BD patients and control subjects was also significant (P=0.011; OR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.06–1.58). We found that GG genotype of rs1051375 carriers had a lower age at onset than those with the AG or AA genotype, and the mean±standard deviation ages at onset of GG, AG and AA carriers were 24.04±4.22, 25.76±4.75 and 25.78±4.33 years, respectively. Neither genotype nor allele frequencies of the three polymorphisms were found to be significantly different between the MDD patients and control subjects.

Limitations

The relative small sample size in BD group should be considered a limitation of this study.

Conclusions

Our initial findings support a potential association of CACNA1C as a genetic risk factor for BD susceptibility.     

川黄方对2～4期慢性肾脏病合并急性肾损伤患者肾功能及氧化应激的影响

目的:观察川黄方对2～4期慢性肾脏病(CKD)合并急性肾损伤(AKI)患者的临床疗效,并从氧化应激角度探讨其疗效机制。方法:纳入84例CKD合并AKI患者,随机分为治疗组42例和对照组42例。所有患者均给予基础治疗(纠正水、电解质、酸碱平衡紊乱,控制血压等),对照组患者在此基础上给予前列腺素E1注射液静脉滴注,治疗组在对照组治疗基础上给予川黄方汤剂口服及浓煎剂灌肠,两组疗程均为2周。评价并比较两组患者的临床疗效及中医证候积分,检测并比较两组患者的血肌酐(Scr)、血尿素氮(BUN)、血尿酸(UA)、24 h尿蛋白定量(24 h U-pro)、估算的肾小球滤过率(eGFR)及血清血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的水平。结果:①治疗后,治疗组的临床总有效率为71.4%,对照组为45.2%,两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01),治疗组的疗效优于对照组。②治疗后,两组患者的中医证候积分较治疗前均显著降低(P0.01),且治疗组患者的积分下降程度较对照组更明显(P0.05)。③治疗后,两组患者的Scr、BUN、UA水平较治疗前均明显降低(P0.05,P0.01),eGFR水平较治疗前显著升高(P0.05,P0.01),且治疗组患者的Scr、BUN水平降低程度及eGFR水平升高程度较对照组更明显(P0.05,P0.01);两组患者的24 h U-pro较治疗前均降低(P0.05),且治疗组患者的24 h U-pro降低程度较对照组更明显(P0.05)。④治疗后,两组患者的血清HO-1、SOD水平较治疗前显著升高(P0.05),MDA水平较治疗前显著降低(P0.05,P0.01),且治疗组患者的HO-1、SOD水平升高程度及MDA水平降低程度较对照组更明显(P0.05)。结论:川黄方能有效减轻CKD合并AKI患者的肾损伤、保护肾功能,改善患者的中医证候,其机制可能与抑制氧化应激有关。