Sub epicardial dissecting hematoma with rupture — A rare complication of suction stabilizers

Off-pump Coronary bypass surgery gained popularity and became routine in many centres. Introduction of suction type myocardial stabilizers made off-pump coronary surgery (OPCAB)safe. These stabilize myocardium locally but unusually produce a complication of extensive subepicardial hematoma with rupture. This can be managed with compressive obliteration of subepicardial space at the site of initial origin of hematoma with absorbable gelatin sponge and pericardium.     

Recombinant Activated Factor VII Usage in Life Threatening Hemorrhage: A Pediatric Experience

Objective  

To determine the safety and efficacy of off label usage of Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) in children with severe bleeding in non-hemophiliac children with diverse etiologies like leukemia, post hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, dengue shock syndrome and Glanzmann thrombasthenia.     

Zeolite-catalyzed synthesis of quinazolin-4(3H)-ones through selective cleavage of C–C bond of 1,3-diketones under solvent-free conditions

A wide range of quinazolin-4(3H)-ones have been synthesized from readily accessible precursors such as anthranilamide and 1,3-diketones. This reaction was promoted by the heterogeneous beta zeolite as the catalyst via a selective cleavage of the C–C bond of 1,3-diketones. This reaction went smoothly with various 1,3-diketones (cyclic and acyclic) affording 2-aryl and 2-alkyl substituted quinazolin-4(3H)-ones in good to excellent yields. The notable point of this strategy is that it can avoid the involvement of toxic transition metals, additives and corrosive oxidants establishing this method as green and feasible. Besides, this method displays its capacity for gram-scale reactions (up to 10 g). Moreover, in this process the recyclability of the recovered catalyst without drastic changes until 5 cycles have been presented.     

Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making and Sensitivity Analysis for Selection of Materials for Knee Implant Femoral Component

Total knee replacement (TKR) is a remarkable achievement in biomedical science that enhances human life. However, human beings still suffer from knee-joint-related problems such as aseptic loosening caused by excessive wear between articular surfaces, stress-shielding of the bone by prosthesis, and soft tissue development in the interface of bone and implant due to inappropriate selection of TKR material. The choice of most suitable materials for the femoral component of TKR is a critical decision; therefore, in this research paper, a hybrid multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) tactic is applied using the degree of membership (DoM) technique with a varied system, using the weighted sum method (WSM), the weighted product method (WPM), the weighted aggregated sum product assessment method (WASPAS), an evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS), and a technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). The weights of importance are assigned to different criteria by the equal weights method (EWM). Furthermore, sensitivity analysis is conducted to check the solidity of the projected tactic. The weights of importance are varied using the entropy weights technique (EWT) and the standard deviation method (SDM). The projected hybrid MCDM methodology is simple, reliable and valuable for a conflicting decision-making environment.     

Gas uptake in a three-generation model geometry with a flat inlet velocity during steady inspiration: comparison of axisymmetric and three-dimensional models

Mass transfer coefficients were predicted and compared for uptake of reactive gas system using an axisymmetric single-path model (ASPM) with experimentally predicted values in a two-generation geometry and with a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model (CFDM) in a three-generation model geometry at steady inspiratory flow with a flat inlet velocity profile. The flow and concentration fields in the ASPM were solved using Galerkin's finite element method and in the CFDM using a commercial finite element software FIDAP. ASPM predicted average gas phase mass transfer coefficients within 25% of the experimental values. Numerical results in terms of overall mass transfer coefficients from the two models within each bifurcation unit were compared for two different inlet flow rates, wall mass transfer coefficients, and bifurcation angles. The overall mass transfer coefficients variation with bifurcation unit from the ASPM and CFDM compared qualitatively and quantitatively closely at lower wall mass transfer coefficients for both 40 degree and 70 degree bifurcation angles. But at higher wall mass transfer coefficients, quantitatively they were off in the range of 2-10% for 40 degree bifurcation angle and in the range of 4-15% for 70 degree bifurcation angle. Both CFDM and ASPM predict the same trends of increase in mass transfer coefficients with inlet flow, wall mass transfer coefficients, and during inspiration compared to expiration. Higher mass transfer coefficients were obtained with a flat velocity profile compared to a parabolic velocity profile using ASPM. These results validate the simplified ASPM and the complex CFDM.     

Gas Uptake in a Three-Generation Model Geometry with a Flat Inlet Velocity During Steady Inspiration: Comparison of Axisymmetric and Three-Dimensional Models

Mass transfer coefficients were predicted and compared for uptake of reactive gas system using an axisymmetric single-path model (ASPM) with experimentally predicted values in a two-generation geometry and with a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model (CFDM) in a three-generation model geometry at steady inspiratory flow with a flat inlet velocity profile. The flow and concentration fields in the ASPM were solved using Galerkin's finite element method and in the CFDM using a commercial finite element software FIDAP. ASPM predicted average gas phase mass transfer coefficients within 25% of the experimental values. Numerical results in terms of overall mass transfer coefficients from the two models within each bifurcation unit were compared for two different inlet flow rates, wall mass transfer coefficients, and bifurcation angles. The overall mass transfer coefficients variation with bifurcation unit from the ASPM and CFDM compared qualitatively and quantitatively closely at lower wall mass transfer coefficients for both 40° and 70° bifurcation angles. But at higher wall mass transfer coefficients, quantitatively they were off in the range of 2–10% for 40° bifurcation angle and in the range of 4–15% for 70° bifurcation angle. Both CFDM and ASPM predict the same trends of increase in mass transfer coefficients with inlet flow, wall mass transfer coefficients, and during inspiration compared to expiration. Higher mass transfer coefficients were obtained with a flat velocity profile compared to a parabolic velocity profile using ASPM. These results validate the simplified ASPM and the complex CFDM.     

Extracellular adenosine controls NKT‐cell‐dependent hepatitis induction

Extracellular adenosine regulates inflammatory responses via the A2A adenosine receptor (A2AR). A2AR deficiency results in much exaggerated acute hepatitis, indicating nonredundancy of adenosine‐A2AR pathway in inhibiting immune activation. To identify a critical target of immunoregulatory effect of extracellular adenosine, we focused on NKT cells, which play an indispensable role in hepatitis. An A2AR agonist abolished NKT‐cell‐dependent induction of acute hepatitis by concanavalin A (Con A) or α‐galactosylceramide in mice, corresponding to downregulation of activation markers and cytokines in NKT cells and of NK‐cell co‐activation. These results show that A2AR signaling can downregulate NKT‐cell activation and suppress NKT‐cell‐triggered inflammatory responses. Next, we hypothesized that NKT cells might be under physiological control of the adenosine‐A2AR pathway. Indeed, both Con A and α‐galactosylceramide induced more severe hepatitis in A2AR‐deficient mice than in WT controls. Transfer of A2AR‐deficient NKT cells into A2AR‐expressing recipients resulted in exaggeration of Con A‐induced liver damage, suggesting that NKT‐cell activation is controlled by endogenous adenosine via A2AR, and this physiological regulatory mechanism of NKT cells is critical in the control of tissue‐damaging inflammation. The current study suggests the possibility to manipulate NKT‐cell activity in inflammatory disorders through intervention to the adenosine‐A2AR pathway.     

Risk of brain tumors from wireless phone use

The debate regarding the health effects of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation from sources such as power lines, base stations, and cell phones has recently been reignited. Wireless communication has dramatically influenced our lifestyle; its impact on human health has not been completely assessed. Widespread concern continues in the community about the deleterious effects of radiofrequency radiations on human tissues and the subsequent potential threat of carcinogenesis. Exposure to low-frequency electromagnetic field has been linked to a variety of adverse health outcomes. This article surveys the results of early cell phone studies, where exposure duration was too short to expect tumor genesis, and 2 sets of more recent studies with longer exposure duration: the Interphone studies and the Swedish studies led by Hardell.     

A role for PPARα in the medial prefrontal cortex in formalin-evoked nociceptive responding in rats

Background and PurposeThe nuclear hormone receptor, PPARα, and its endogenous ligands, are involved in pain modulation. PPARα is expressed in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a key brain region involved in both the cognitive-affective component of pain and in descending modulation of pain. However, the role of PPARα in the mPFC in pain responding has not been investigated. Here, we investigated the effects of pharmacological modulation of PPARα in the rat mPFC on formalin-evoked nociceptive behaviour and the impact of formalin-induced nociception on components of PPARα signalling in the mPFC.Experimental ApproachThe effects of intra-mPFC microinjection of a PPARα agonist (GW7647) or a PPARα antagonist (GW6471) on formalin-evoked nociceptive behaviour in rats were studied. Quantitative real-time PCR and LC-MS/MS were used to study the effects of intraplantar injection of formalin on PPARα mRNA expression and levels of endogenous ligands, respectively, in the mPFC.Key ResultsIntra-mPFC administration of GW6471, but not GW7647, resulted in delayed onset of the early second phase of formalin-evoked nociceptive behaviour. Furthermore, formalin-evoked nociceptive behaviour was associated with significant reductions in mPFC levels of endogenous PPARα ligands (N-palmitoylethanolamide and N-oleoylethanolamide) and a 70% reduction in PPARα mRNA but not protein expression.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese data suggest that endogenous ligands may act at PPARα in the mPFC to play a facilitatory/permissive role in second phase formalin-evoked nociceptive behaviour in rats.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Cannabinoids 2013. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-6