Chalcone hybrids and their antimalarial activity

Malaria, one of the most striking, re-emerging infectious diseases caused by the genus Plasmodium, places a huge burden on global healthcare systems. A major challenge in the control and eradication of malaria is the continuous emergence of increasingly widespread drug-resistant malaria, creating an urgent need to develop novel antimalarial agents. Chalcone derivatives are ubiquitous in nature and have become indispensable units in medicinal chemistry applications due to their diverse biological profiles. Many chalcone derivatives demonstrate potential in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity, so chalcone could be a useful template for the development of novel antimalarial agents. This review covers the recent development of chalcone hybrids as antimalarial agents. The critical aspects of the design and structure–activity relationship of these compounds are also discussed.     

Feasibility of establishing cerebral ischemia models by using aerocyst-blocking bilateral ascending pharyngeal artery of piglets Imaging assessment

BACKGROUND: The cerebral ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion animal models are used to simulate the human cerebrovascular diseases is one of the popular topics of neurological science recently. To study the pathophysiology, pathogenesis, prophylaxis and treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases and to establish the ideal animal model that is the most similar to the human cerebral ischemia, are the topics that the people generally cared about. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of aerocyst-blocking bilateral ascending pharyngeal artery on the establishment of cerebral ischemia models by using digital subtraction angiography (DSA), magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and magnetic resonance perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI). DESIGN: Repetitive measure animal experiment. SETTING: Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University. MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in the Animal Laboratory (Provincial Laboratory), Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian Univeristy from January to May 2006. A total of 14 domestic piglets, of 6 months old, weighing 12–15 kg, of either gender, were selected from Animal Experimental Center, Dalian University. Multistar T.O.P digital subtraction angiography machine was provided by Siemens Company, German. METHODS: Aerocyst-blocking bilateral ascending pharyngeal artery was used to establish cerebral ischemia models. And then, Multistar T.O.P. DSA was used for imaging of cerebral vessels before blocking, during blocking and at 0.5 and 2 hours after ischemia perfusion. GE Signa 1.5 T supraconduction magnetic resonance imaging was used for DWI examination; in addition, PWI was used based on focal sites and areas. Otherwise, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to detect signal changes of T1WI and T2WI in ischemic areas. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Analytic results of DSA, DWI, PWI and MRI. RESULTS: All 14 experimental piglets were involved in the final analysis. ① DSA: The blood flow of bilateral ascending pharyngeal arteries and its branch were blocked at blocking phase, which restored 0.5 and 2 hours after reperfusion. ② DWI and PWI: There were no observable abnormalities in PWI and DWI at pre-blocking. Abnormal increased signals were found on both DWI and PWI at during and post-blocking. There were reduction in ADC and rCBF and delay in rTTP at all time points except pre-blocking. ③ MRI: There were no abnormal signals observable at any time of pre- and post-blocking in T1WI and T2WI. CONCLUSION: It is feasible to establish this kind of animal experimental models, and it can simulate the ischemic state; meanwhile, the existence and extent can be showed directly by DSA, DWI, and PWI.     

螺旋CT对胃癌Lauren''s分型诊断价值的研究

目的探讨螺旋CT(SCT)对胃癌Lauren's分型的诊断价值. 资料与方法对40例进展期胃癌患者行SCT平扫及三期动态增强扫描.40例均于检查后1周内施行全胃或部分胃切除手术、剖腹探查术.术后标本行常规石蜡包埋及5μm切片. 结果胃壁低密度层增厚程度在肠型胃癌和弥漫型胃癌分别为1.55mm±0.55mm和7.71mm±2.33mm;强化程度在肠型胃癌和弥漫型胃癌分别为51.98HU±9.35HU和87.95HU±18.79HU,两组比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.05). 结论 SCT对胃癌Lauren's分型有一定价值.     

综合性营养评估法在维持性血液透析患者中的应用分析

目的 对血液透析患者的几项营养指标进行评估。方法 依据SGA评分对142例维持性血液透析患者进行主观综合性营养评估（SGA）、膳食调查、生化参数的测量。结果 平均每日每公斤体重能量和蛋白质摄入（DEI、DPI）、血白蛋白，均有显著性差异（P〈0．001—0．05）。但营养良好组的DPI和DEI异常率高达49．0％、46．0％，重度营养不良组中各指标异常率均在80％以上。血前白蛋白与白蛋白有显著相关（P〈0．01），与DPI、DEI均无相关。结论 SGA是评价血透患者营养状况的简便方法，但还需其它反映营养状况不同侧面的指标的补充，如DEI、DPI、血白蛋白。前白蛋白作为血透患者营养监测的常规指标有待进一步证实。     

22例老年重症心力衰竭合并急性呼吸衰竭患者机械通气的临床观察

目的评价老年重症心力衰竭合并急性呼吸衰竭的救治.方法 22例重症心力衰竭患者由于肺部感染而先出现低氧血症(PaO2 46.42±5.55mmHg),继之急性CO2潴留(PaCO2 88.05±18.75mmHg),发生急性Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭. 22例均行气管插管、机械通气支持.结果 4例经上述治疗后好转,拔除气管插管,恢复正常呼吸.18例无法脱离机械通气,于3～28d内死于多脏器衰竭.结论机械通气支持是目前抢救重症心力衰竭合并急性呼吸衰竭患者常用的方法.但对心功能IV级、心力衰竭晚期、全身衰竭者是否进行此治疗有待进一步探讨.     

胆汁返流性胃炎胃粘膜超微结构研究

为探讨胆汁返流性胃炎的发病机理和应用中药治疗此病的效果，作者进行了胃粘膜超微结构观察。在治疗前、后取胃粘膜做光、电镜检查，发现本病胃粘膜变化突出的特点是淋巴细胞侵入腺细胞内，溶解腺细胞，破坏细胞间联接装置，使腺腔破溃，腺管萎缩。以上变化可占全部病例的８７．５％。另一特点是腺细胞内出现微囊（８例中有４例），这在慢性胃炎尚未见有电镜观察报道。作者认为胆汁返流性胃炎可以是慢性萎缩性胃炎的前驱，而腺体萎缩的原因是由于淋巴细胞的浸润破坏；这为由细胞介导引起的胃腺细胞损伤提供了形态学依据。     

血管内皮细胞条件培养基促进胃癌细胞增殖和迁移

探讨血管内皮细胞培养基对胃癌细胞增殖和迁移的影响,分析血管内皮细胞调控胃癌细胞发生转移的机制。方法 设置对照组和共培养组,分别将正常培养基和人脐静脉血管内皮细胞HUVEC条件培养基作用于胃癌细胞HGC27,采用MTT法和划痕试验检测胃癌细胞HGC27的增殖活性和迁移能力。设置Control组、6 h组、12 h组和24 h组,以HUVEC的条件培养基作用于胃癌细胞6、12和24 h,Western blot检测EMT标志物和紧密连接蛋白的表达变化,激光共聚焦显微镜观察细胞骨架和紧密连接蛋白的分布变化。结果 MTT及划痕试验表明HUVEC条件培养基促进胃癌细胞HGC27的增殖和迁移。与Control组比较,间接共培养后胃癌细胞的形态呈间充质状改变,丝状伪足样凸起数量显著增加。 Western blot结果显示间接共培养后胃癌细胞上皮标志物E-cadherin表达水平逐渐下降,而间充质标志物N-cadherin和MMP-9逐渐增加,具有时序性变化规律。ZO-1和Occludin的表达也逐渐下降,细胞膜分布减少。结论 间接共培养下,血管内皮细胞通过上调胃癌细胞MMP-9,破坏紧密连接,促进胃癌细胞增殖和迁移     

质粒型单纯疱疹病毒载体的构建及其在真核细胞中的表达

利用基因工程技术构建成功质粒型Ⅰ型单纯疱疹病毒（ＨＳＶ－１）载体ｐＨＳＶ，其中含有ＨＳＶ－１包装信号序列和ＨＳＶ－１复制起点，以及ＨＳＶ－１ＩＥ６８启动子。为验证其构建是否成功，在其ＩＥ６８启动子下游的多克隆位点上插入了Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉＬａｃＺ基因，构建成ｐＨＳＶＬ质粒。用ＨＳＶ－１温度敏感株（ｔｓＫ株）超感染传代细胞后，将这种质粒转染入该细胞，ｐＨＳＶＬ可在辅助病毒ＨＳＶ－１ｔｓＫ（允许温度为３１℃）存在的条件下被包装成病毒颗粒，由此得到的混合病毒含有ＨＳＶ－１ｔｓＫ和ｐＨＳＶＬ假病毒颗粒，收获后再感染培养的Ｖｅｒｏ细胞，原位检测β－半乳糖苷酶活性呈阳性。同时用ｐＨＳＶＬ病毒接种体外培养的ＳＤ大鼠胚胎脊髓运动神经元，用Ｘ－ｇａｌ原位检测β－半乳糖苷酶的活性，亦发现有阳性的神经元存在。说明载体ｐＨＳＶＬ携带的报告基因ｌａｃＺ在这两种真核细胞中均得以正确表达。报告基因可为其它目的基因所代替，可用于神经生理、病理以及神经系统疾病基因治疗的实验研究。     

培养大鼠皮层神经元NMDA受体蛋白单分子原子力显微镜定位研究

为在纳米尺度对 NMDA受体蛋白分子进行神经细胞膜表面原位定位和探讨原子力显微镜在生物单分子操纵和调控中的应用 ,本研究应用原子力显微镜分别对分布在云母表面的膜 NMDA受体蛋白分子标记物抗 NMDAR1Ig G-葡萄球菌蛋白 A-胶体金复合物分子和结合标记物分子后的神经元膜进行扫描 ,三维形貌测定 ,通过颗粒度分析结果 ,明确标记物分子的特征性三维形貌 ,对比确定经过免疫胶体金结合后的 NMDA受体蛋白单分子在神经元膜表面的定位。结果显示 ,空白云母表面标记物分子为分散均匀的平均粒径为 49nm的球形颗粒 ,在神经元膜表面结合 NMDA目的受体蛋白分子后 ,免疫复合物分子呈现出粒径为 5 3 nm的散在分布球形或短棒状颗粒 ,长径约为宽径的 2倍 ,长轴截面可见典型的双峰三维结构。上述结果表明 ,NMDA受体蛋白单分子可以结合 1个或 1个以上的胶体金标记物分子 ;原子力显微镜可以在纳米尺度对神经元膜 NMDA受体蛋白进行标记和其免疫复合物的三维形貌测定。胶体金颗粒标记 ,原子力显微镜测定是免疫细胞化学新方法。     

基于cAMP/PKA/CREB/BDNF信号通路探讨柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤抗抑郁的作用机制

目的：该研究基于环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)/蛋白激酶A(PKA)/cAMP反应元件结合蛋白(CREB)/脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)信号通路探究柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤对慢性不可预见性温和应激(CUMS)法制备的大鼠抑郁模型的干预作用。方法：随机数字表法将60只SD大鼠分为正常组、模型组、柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤低、中、高剂量组和氟西汀组。除正常组外,其他各组进行49 d的CUMS制备大鼠抑郁模型。第29天开始给药,柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤组低、中、高剂量组分别给予柴胡龙骨牡蛎汤颗粒剂2.89、5.78、11.56 g·kg^-1,氟西汀组给予盐酸氟西汀胶囊2.06 mg·kg^-1。旷场实验和强迫游泳实验观察大鼠行为学表现,酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)测定大鼠海马组织5-羟色胺(5-HT)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、cAMP水平;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)检测大鼠海马组织PKA、CREB、BDNF mRNA表达;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测大鼠海马组织PKA、BDNF蛋白表达水平;免疫组化法(IHC)检测CREB定位表达;...