Survey of psychiatric disorders in a Taiwanese village population six months after a major earthquake.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The catastrophic Chi-Chi earthquake of September 21, 1999 in Taiwan provided a unique opportunity to study the disaster's psychiatric impact on survivors. This study assessed the development of psychiatric disorders among residents in a Taiwanese village near the epicenter of the earthquake within 6 months of the disaster. METHODS: A total of 442 of the 602 actual living residents of Tong-Chi village who were over 16 years of age and were present in the community at the time of the earthquake were included in this population survey. Subjects were interviewed by psychiatrists using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview and questionnaires to collect demographic information and risk factors for psychiatric disorders 4 to 6 months after the earthquake. RESULTS: The prevalence rates were 9.5% for current major depression, 2.8% for past major depressive episode, and 7.9% for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Females had significantly higher rates of most psychiatric disorders. After controlling for covariates, the significant risk factors for PTSD were female gender and having sought medical service after the earthquake. Significant risk factors for major depressive episode were divorced/widowed status, education level equal to or below primary school, and prominent house damage. CONCLUSION: This population survey of earthquake disaster survivors found an increased prevalence of psychiatric disorders after exposure to a catastrophic earthquake. These results highlight the need for prompt therapeutic attention to residents of earthquake disaster areas after the event.     

The upregulation of glial glutamate transporter-1 participates in the induction of brain ischemic tolerance in rats.

Glial glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) plays an essential role in removing glutamate from the extracellular space and maintaining the glutamate below neurotoxic level in the brain. To explore whether GLT-1 plays a role in the acquisition of brain ischemic tolerance (BIT) induced by cerebral ischemic preconditioning (CIP), the present study was undertaken to observe in vivo changes in the expression of GLT-1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the CA1 hippocampus during the induction of BIT, and the effect of dihydrokainate (DHK), an inhibitor of GLT-1, on the acquisition of BIT in rats. Immunohistochemistry for GFAP showed that the processes of astrocytes were prolonged after a CIP 2 days before the lethal ischemic insult, which could protect pyramidal neurons in the CA1 hippocampus against delayed neuronal death induced normally by lethal ischemic insult. The prolonged processes extended into the area between the pyramidal neurons and tightly surrounded them. These changes made the pyramidal layer look like a 'shape grid'. Simultaneously, the prolonged and extended processes showed a great deal of GLT-1. Western blotting analysis showed significant upregulation of GLT-1 expression after the CIP, especially when it was administered 2 days before the subsequent lethal ischemic insult. Neuropathological evaluation by thionin staining showed that DHK dose-dependently blocked the protective role of CIP against delayed neuronal death induced normally by lethal brain ischemia. It might be concluded that the surrounding of pyramidal neurons by astrocytes and upregulation of GLT-1 induced by CIP played an important role in the acquisition of the BIT induced by CIP.     

粘连性小瞳孔白内障超声乳化吸除及人工晶状体植入术

目的探讨粘连性小瞳孔白内障超声乳化吸除手术方法及技巧。方法对36例(42眼)粘连性小瞳孔白内障行超声乳化吸除及人工晶状体植入术,术中不分离虹膜后粘连,利用拦截劈裂法乳化晶状体核,通过4mm大小瞳孔完成手术。结果所有病例视力有不同程度提高,获得生理性圆或近圆瞳孔,主要并发症包括角膜内皮水肿,前房纤维素渗出。结论采用本方法治疗粘连性小瞳孔白内障操作相对简单,术后反应轻,并发症少。     

转染反义磷脂酶A2寡核苷酸抑制LPS诱导Hela细胞分泌IL-1β和IL-6

目的：研究脑浆型磷脂酶A2(cytosolic phospholipase A2,cPLA2,85—kD PLA2)在脂多糖诱导Hela细胞释放细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6的信号机制中的作用。方法：①利用脂质体将cPLA2的反义寡核苷酸转染入Hela细胞，通过聚合酶链式反应(RT—PCR)及Western杂交印迹分析检验胞浆中cPLA2人水平的变化；②用放免方法检测不同时间培养上清中的IL-1β、IL-6浓度。结果：①转染后cPLA2的蛋白表达明显减少，但mRNA水平未见显著改变；②Hela细胞释放IL-1β、IL-6随cPLA2人反义寡核苷酸浓度的增加而减少。结论：cPLA2人LPS刺激的Hela细胞释放炎性细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6的过程中可能发挥重要的信号传递作用。     

戊型肝炎病毒Ⅰ、Ⅱ与Ⅲ、Ⅳ基因型B细胞抗原表位的异同

目的：制备戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)缅甸株和墨西哥株ORF2重组蛋白(p166Bur和p166Mex)的单克隆抗体(McAbs)，用于分析HEV不同基因型B细胞抗原表位的特点。方法：将免疫BALB/C小鼠脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞融合，获得分泌抗-p166Bur和抗-p166Mex McAbs的杂交瘤细胞株，然后采用ELISA和免疫印迹法测定McAbs与不同基因型HEV ORF2编码蛋白p166的免疫反应性。结果：获得4株杂交瘤细胞株，即分泌抗-p166Bur McAbs的2G2、2B1以及分泌抗-p166Mex McAbs的D8G10和E5E12，其中2B1分泌的McAb仅能与第Ⅰ、Ⅱ基因型编码的重组蛋白结合，而其余3株分泌的McAbs既能与Ⅰ、Ⅱ基因型HEV的p166重组蛋白发生反应，也能与Ⅲ、Ⅳ基因型的p166蛋白反应。结论：HEV第Ⅰ、Ⅱ基因型与Ⅲ、Ⅳ基因型ORF2编码蛋白既有共同又有不同的B细胞抗原表位。     

Anti-myeloperoxidase IgG subclass distribution and avidity in sera from patients with propylthiouracil-induced antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies associated vasculitis

OBJECTIVE: Propylthiouracil (PTU) could induce MPO-ANCA-positive vasculitis. The aim of this study was to compare the IgG subclass distribution and avidity of MPO-ANCA in sera from patients with primary ANCA-associated vasculitis (AASV) and PTU-induced vasculitis. METHODS: Nineteen patients with primary AASV with MPO-ANCA and thirteen patients with PTU-induced vasculitis were enrolled in the current study. Sera in both active phase and remission were collected. Anti-MPO IgG subclasses were detected by antigen specific ELISAs using specific monoclonal antibodies as second antibodies, and MPO-ANCA avidity was assessed by antigen-inhibition ELISAs. RESULTS: In primary AASV, all four anti-MPO IgG subclasses could be detected in active phase with IgG1 (100%), IgG2 (73.7%), IgG3 (63.2%) and IgG4 (94.7%), and in remission, IgG1 and IgG4 subclasses in most patients remained positive. However, in PTU-induced vasculitis, anti-MPO IgG3 subclass could not be detected, the anti-MPO IgG subclasses in active phase were IgG1 (100%), IgG2 (61.5%) and IgG4 (46.2%). Furthermore, five out of the six patients (88.8%) with PTU-induced vasculitis with positive IgG4 subclass in active phase turned to negative in remission, however, only eight out of the fourteen patients (57.1%) with primary AASV turned to negative. The median avidity constant of MPO-ANCA was 56 (8.96 to >140) x 10(7) mol/l for patients with primary AASV and 0.7 (<0.28 to >140) x 10(7) mol/l for patients with PTU-induced vasculitis respectively. Furthermore, the relative levels of MPO-ANCA avidity were associated with elevation of ESR in primary AASV and were associated with BVAS scores in patients with PTU-induced vasculitis, respectively. CONCLUSION: MPO-ANCA IgG subclass distribution and avidity were different between patients with primary AASV and PTU-induced vasculitis. It was suggested that the mechanism of ANCA production in PTU-induced vasculitis was different from that in primary AASV, and the avidity of MPO-ANCA might be associated with disease activity.     

Rapid, accurate genotyping of the common -alpha(4.2) thalassaemia deletion based on the use of denaturing HPLC

AIMS: To develop an alternative assay for specific genotyping of the -alpha(4.2) thalassaemia deletion based on the DNA sequence features surrounding the breakpoint. METHODS: The 5' and 3' ends of the breakpoint regions of the -alpha(4.2) allele and the normal homologous segments were sequenced in Chinese individuals. A sequence haplotype composed of four single nucleotide variations within the X2/X1 box of the -alpha(4.2) breakpoint region was found in all of the 10 Chinese -alpha(4.2) thalassaemia alleles studied. Based on these findings, a novel polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) assay was developed for rapid genotyping of the -alpha(4.2) allele instead of traditional Southern blotting or Gap-PCR. This method involves amplification of the alpha globin target sequence encompassing these four polymorphic sites, followed by a partially denaturing HPLC analysis using the transgenomic WAVE DNA fragment analysis system. RESULTS: The three major genotypes (-alpha4.2/alphaalpha, -alpha(4.2)/--SEA, and alphaalpha/alphaalpha) could be distinguished through the characteristic chromatograms generated by the WAVE system. The accuracy of this technique was evaluated blindly, and the results were 100% (40 of 40) concordant with the genotypes previously characterised by Southern blotting or Gap-PCR. CONCLUSIONS: This study validates the PCR/DHPLC approach as a simple, rapid, highly accurate, and cost effective method, potentially adaptable for use in epidemiological surveys, genetic screening, and diagnosis of silent alpha+ thalassaemia and Hb H disease.     

地塞米松对去甲肾上腺素在孤束核引起的心血管活动的影响

目的：研究糖皮质激素对去甲肾上腺素在孤束核对心血管活动调节的影响。方法：向内侧和中间内侧孤束（ＮＴＳ）微量注射地塞米松（Ｄｅｘ）去甲肾上腺素（ＮＥ）,米非司酮及荷包牡丹碱（Ｂｉｃ）观察它们引起的心血管活动的变化。结果：Ｄｅｘ（０．３９ｍｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１,０．１μＬ）可以消除１０ｍｉｎ后在同一区域性注射ＮＥ（８ｍｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１,０．１μＬ）所引起的血压下降,心率减慢的效应,这种抑制作用４ｈ内不消失     

雌激素干预影响腹腔脂肪积聚的实验研究

目的研究雌激素干预对雌性C57BL/6J小鼠腹腔脂肪代谢的影响.方法采用卵巢切除法造成雌激素缺乏模型,以及在动情周期正常和围绝经期的小鼠中,给以雌激素干预,观察腹腔脂肪重量的变化.3 mon 龄小鼠随机分为正常组,卵巢切除组,给雌激素 15 d 组和给雌激素 60 d 组,每组10只.小鼠摘除卵巢后饲养至 7 mon 龄处死.5和 10 mon 龄小鼠分为正常组,动情周期正常+雌激素 60 d组,围绝经期组和围绝经期+雌激素 60 d 组,每组10只,分别饲养至7和 12 mon 龄处死,检测腹腔脂肪重量.各组小鼠于处死前15和 60 d 分别皮下埋植控释雌激素(17β-雌二醇)药丸(0.18 mg/丸).结果卵巢切除组腹腔脂肪重量明显增加(P<0.05);给雌激素 15 d 组腹腔脂肪重量减轻(P＜0.05);给雌激素 60 d 组腹腔脂肪重量有明显减轻,与正常组比较无显著性差别(P>0.05).动情周期正常+雌激素组和围绝经期+雌激素组的小鼠,其腹腔脂肪重量的变化无差别.结论卵巢切除明显影响小鼠的脂肪代谢导致腹腔脂肪积聚,而雌激素干预,特别是长期应用,可以明显减少小鼠的腹腔脂肪积聚.外源性雌激素干预在动情周期正常和围绝经期对小鼠腹腔脂肪没有明显的影响.     

急性鼻窦炎模型大鼠服用鼻渊舒口服液后血清中锌离子浓度的变化研究

目的 :探讨鼻渊舒口服液对大鼠实验性急性化脓性鼻窦炎的治疗情况及其作用机理 ,为临床推广应用中医药治疗鼻窦炎提供实验依据。方法 :采用向大鼠上颌窦腔内注射金黄色葡萄球菌混悬液法 ,建立实验性急性化脓性鼻窦炎模型。结果 :实验性急性化脓性鼻窦炎大鼠一般情况较差 ,鼻渊舒口服液低、中剂量治疗后症状明显改善。其中鼻渊舒中剂量提高了模型大鼠血清锌离子浓度。鼻渊舒口服液高剂量组无明显改善。结论 :推测适宜浓度范围的鼻渊舒口服液通过调整体内微量元素锌离子浓度 ,从而来调节机体新陈代谢 ,增强机体免疫功能等作用达到有效地治疗鼻窦炎的目的。