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E MOLKE JENSEN K. A. THIESSEN AA. CHRISTENSEN 《Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica》1986,30(2):109-110
The effect of 4 mg oral naloxone on preoperative gastric volume and pH of gastric aspirate was studied in a double-blind, randomized study. Twenty patients received 10 ml of naloxone (4 mg) mixed with 10 ml of orange juice, and 20 patients received 10 ml of isotonic saline mixed with 10 ml of orange juice, 2 h before surgery. Gastric content was obtained immediately after intubation of the trachea. No significant difference in gastric volume and pH of gastric aspirate was found between the two groups. It is concluded that naloxone does not affect gastric emptying and gastric acid secretion to a degree great enough to protect against aspiration of gastric contents into the lungs. 相似文献
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Summary Insulin resistance and a defective insulin activation of the enzyme glycogen synthase in skeletal muscle during euglycaemia may have important pathophysiological implications in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Hyperglycaemia may serve to compensate for these defects in Type 2 diabetes by increasing glucose disposal through a mass action effect. In the present study, rates of whole-body glucose oxidation and glucose storage were measured during fasting hyperglycaemia and isoglycaemic insulin infusion (40 mU·m–2min–1, 3 h) in 12 patients with Type 2 diabetes. Eleven control subjects were studied during euglycaemia. Biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis muscle. Fasting and insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation, glucose storage and muscle glycogen synthase activation were all fully compensated (normalized) during hyperglycaemia in the diabetic patients. The insulin-stimulated increase in muscle glycogen content was the same in the diabetic patients and in the control subjects. Besides hyperglycaemia, the diabetic patients had elevated muscle free glucose and glucose 6-phosphate concentrations. A positive correlation was demonstrated between intracellular free glucose concentration and muscle glycogen synthase fractional velocity insulin activation (0.1 mmol/l glucose 6-phosphate: r=0.65, p<0.02 and 0.0 mmol/l glucose 6-phosphate: r= 0.91, p<0.0001). In conclusion, this study indicates an important role for hyperglycaemia and elevated muscle free glucose and glucose 6-phosphate concentrations in compensating (normalizing) intracellular glucose metabolism and skeletal muscle glycogen synthase activation in Type 2 diabetes. 相似文献
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Smoking and female infertility: a systematic review and meta-analysis 总被引:11,自引:10,他引:11
The high prevalence of smoking among women in their reproductive years
continues to be a matter of concern. The negative effects of smoking on
general health are well known, but smoking may also affect fertility. The
objective of the present study was to perform a systematic review of the
literature to determine whether there is an association between smoking and
risk of infertility in women of reproductive age, and to assess the size of
this effect. In the 12 studies used for this meta- analysis, the overall
value of the odds ratio (OR) for risk of infertility in women smokers
versus non-smokers was 1.60 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.34-1.91].
Studies of subfertile women undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF)
treatment also show a reduction in fecundity among women smokers. A
meta-analysis of nine studies found an OR of 0.66 (95% CI 0.49-0.88) for
pregnancies per number of IVF- treated cycles in smokers versus
non-smokers. Despite the potential limitations of meta-analyses of
observational studies, the evidence presented in this review is compelling
because of the consistency of effect across different study designs, sample
size and types of outcome. However, continued reassurance is needed that
the calculated overall effect is not in fact due to confounding variables.
相似文献