全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1185篇 |
免费 | 41篇 |
国内免费 | 65篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 2篇 |
儿科学 | 56篇 |
妇产科学 | 13篇 |
基础医学 | 106篇 |
口腔科学 | 36篇 |
临床医学 | 152篇 |
内科学 | 323篇 |
皮肤病学 | 30篇 |
神经病学 | 28篇 |
特种医学 | 252篇 |
外科学 | 112篇 |
综合类 | 31篇 |
预防医学 | 27篇 |
眼科学 | 15篇 |
药学 | 47篇 |
肿瘤学 | 61篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 8篇 |
2020年 | 3篇 |
2019年 | 6篇 |
2018年 | 8篇 |
2017年 | 7篇 |
2016年 | 7篇 |
2015年 | 14篇 |
2014年 | 21篇 |
2013年 | 25篇 |
2012年 | 33篇 |
2011年 | 21篇 |
2010年 | 38篇 |
2009年 | 45篇 |
2008年 | 31篇 |
2007年 | 72篇 |
2006年 | 40篇 |
2005年 | 25篇 |
2004年 | 24篇 |
2003年 | 21篇 |
2002年 | 23篇 |
2001年 | 31篇 |
2000年 | 20篇 |
1999年 | 19篇 |
1998年 | 62篇 |
1997年 | 71篇 |
1996年 | 74篇 |
1995年 | 62篇 |
1994年 | 42篇 |
1993年 | 49篇 |
1992年 | 19篇 |
1991年 | 25篇 |
1990年 | 28篇 |
1989年 | 44篇 |
1988年 | 34篇 |
1987年 | 49篇 |
1986年 | 21篇 |
1985年 | 29篇 |
1984年 | 22篇 |
1983年 | 24篇 |
1982年 | 21篇 |
1981年 | 18篇 |
1980年 | 20篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 9篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 6篇 |
1966年 | 2篇 |
1947年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1291条查询结果,搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
Leonidas JC; Berdon WE; Valderrama E; Neveling U; Schuval S; Weiss SJ; Hilfer C; Godine L 《Radiology》1996,198(2):377
2.
3.
4.
Activation of two different but complementary biochemical pathways stimulates release of hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0 下载免费PDF全文
S R Ojeda H F Urbanski K H Katz M E Costa P M Conn 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》1986,83(13):4932-4936
Evidence exists that a norepinephrine/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)/cAMP pathway is involved in the regulation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) secretion. The aim of the present experiments was to determine if release of LHRH from the immature rat hypothalamus could also be stimulated by activation of protein kinase C. Median eminences from 28-day-old female rats were incubated in vitro with either dioctanoylglycerol (a synthetic diacylglycerol that selectively activates protein kinase C in intact cells) or 4 beta-phorbol 12 beta-myristate 13 alpha-acetate (another protein kinase C activator). Both agents increased LHRH release, the response to dioctanoylglycerol being more pronounced than that to the phorbol ester. This direct activation of protein kinase C was not accompanied by changes in PGE2 formation. Activation of the PGE2/cAMP pathway by either norepinephrine, PGE2, or forskolin (a stimulator of adenylate cyclase) increased LHRH release. Dioctanoylglycerol or phorbol ester in conjunction with either norepinephrine, PGE2 or forskolin resulted in an additive effect on LHRH release suggesting coexistence of both pathways. Phospholipase C, which activates protein kinase C via formation of diacylglycerol, increased the release of both LHRH and PGE2. This suggests that an increase in endogenous phospholipase C activity caused by neurotransmitter inputs may lead to both activation of protein kinase C and PGE2 formation. Blockade of cyclooxygenase activity by indomethacin obliterated phospholipase C-induced PGE2 release. The same treatment reduced the LHRH response by only 50% indicating that protein kinase C activation can cause LHRH release in the absence of PGE2 synthesis. It is suggested that the median eminence of the rat possesses a protein kinase C-dependent pathway that is coupled positively to LHRH release and complements PGE2/cAMP-dependent mechanisms. Norepinephrine, however, does not appear to be the neurotransmitter responsible for activating the protein kinase C pathway. Simultaneous activation of both pathways may provide a mechanism by which a large increase in LHRH secretion occurs, such as in the afternoon of first proestrus. 相似文献
5.
Ayman A Abdo Stefan J Urbanski Paul L Beck 《Journal canadien de gastroenterologie》2003,17(7):425-432
Microscopic colitis (MC) encompasses the two morphologically distinct entities of collagenous colitis (CC) and lymphocytic colitis (LC). MC was first described less than 30 years ago but is presently recognized as a relatively common cause of chronic diarrhea in the adult population. Remarkably, up to 10% of adults who have a colonoscopy for the investigation of chronic diarrhea, and have endoscopically normal appearing mucosa, may have MC. Patients with MC generally present with chronic diarrhea, which can be associated with cramping and bloating. Endoscopic and radiological examinations are usually normal. Histological assessment reveals inflammation consisting predominantly of lymphocytic infiltration, and a thickened subepithelial collagen band is diagnostic of CC. Both LC and CC can be associated with autoimmune diseases such as celiac disease, diabetes, arthritis and thyroiditis, yet the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis remain unclear. Emerging studies suggest that a stepwise approach be taken in the medical management of MC. This approach includes antidiarrheal agents and stopping of any offending agents; budesonide or bismuth subsalicylate; and cholestyramine or 5-acetylsalicylic acid agents. In resistant cases, oral corticosteroids and other immune modulatory therapy have been used. 相似文献
6.
Kaufmann SJ; Sharif K; Sharma V; McVerry BA 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1998,13(2):498-499
The patient was diagnosed in childhood as having severe congenital
neutropenia and had recurrent admissions with severe infections. In 1987,
prior to getting married, she was sterilized. She continued to require i.v.
antibiotics when she contracted a severe infection. On one occasion, she
was treated with growth colony stimulating factor (G- CSF). Her increased
neutrophil count was sustained following this treatment. In June 1993, she
wished to start a family and underwent in- vitro fertilization (IVF)
treatment. G-CSF was given prior to oocyte retrieval. She conceived on her
first cycle and an ultrasound scan revealed a singleton pregnancy.
Throughout the course of the pregnancy, her white cell count was monitored
closely and remained at <1.0x10(9)/l. The pregnancy progressed
uneventfully and at 37 weeks gestation she was admitted for G-CSF
injections. At 38 weeks she was delivered of a boy weighing 3350 g, by
elective Caesarean section. His white cell count was normal. This is the
first case of G-CSF being used before conception and during pregnancy in a
patient with congenital neutropenia. It shows that advances in cytokine
therapy and close interdisciplinary liaison can lead to a successful
outcome and help patients, who would otherwise remain childless, to achieve
a family.
相似文献
7.
Silber SJ; Nagy Z; Devroey P; Tournaye H; Van Steirteghem AC 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1997,12(11):2422-2428
The aim of the study was to determine whether a prior diagnostic testicle
biopsy can predict success or failure of testicular sperm extraction (TESE)
with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in patients with
non-obstructive azoospermia caused by testicular failure, and what is the
minimum threshold of sperm production in the testis which must be surpassed
for spermatozoa to reach the ejaculate. Forty- five patients with
non-obstructive azoospermia caused by testicular failure underwent
diagnostic testicle biopsy prior to a planned future TESE-ICSI procedure.
The diagnostic testicle biopsy was analysed quantitatively, and correlated
with the quantitative findings of spermatogenesis in patients with normal
spermatogenesis, as well as with the results of subsequent attempts at
TESE-ICSI. Men with non- obstructive azoospermia caused by germinal failure
had a mean of 0-6 mature spermatids/seminiferous tubule seen on a
diagnostic testicle biopsy, compared to 17-35 mature spermatids/tubule in
men with normal spermatogenesis and obstructive azoospermia. These findings
were the same for all types of testicular failure whether Sertoli cell
only, maturation arrest, cryptorchidism, or post-chemotherapy azoospermia.
Twenty-two of 26 men with mature spermatids found in the prior testis
biopsy had successful retrieval of spermatozoa for ICSI, 12 of their
partners became pregnant, and are either ongoing or delivered. The study
suggests that 4-6 mature spermatids/tubule must be present in the testis
biopsy for any spermatozoa to reach the ejaculate. More than half of
azoospermic patients with germinal failure have minute foci of
spermatogenesis which are insufficient to produce spermatozoa in the
ejaculate. Prior diagnostic testicle biopsy analysed quantitatively (for
the presence of mature spermatids) can predict subsequent success or
failure with TESE-ICSI. Incomplete testicular failure may involve a sparse
multi-focal distribution of spermatogenesis throughout the entire testicle,
rather than a regional distribution. Therefore, it is possible that massive
testicular sampling from many different regions of the testes may not be
necessary for successful TESE-ICSI.
相似文献
8.
β-Lactoglobulin was isolated from infant formulae that were ultra high temperature (UHT) -treated, sterilized or spray-dried. The effect of the isolated β-lactoglobulin on SfaII-fimbriae-mediated adhesion of Escherichia coli to human ileostomy glycoproteins was studied in vitro. β-Lactoglobulin isolated from sterilized formulae was found to perform significantly less well than preparations from spray-dried formulae (p = 0:05). Great heterogeneity was observed in the adhesion inhibitory capacity of β-lactoglobulin isolated from UHT-treated formulae. Therefore, no significant difference was observed between UHT-treated and sterilized formulae or spray-dried formulae (p < 0:10). It can be hypothesized that β-lactoglobulin from spray-dried and some UHT-treated infant formulae may affect the colonization of mucous membranes by E. coli strains causing neonatal septicaemia and meningitis. 相似文献
9.
10.