Burden of illness among patients with severe aplastic anemia who have had insufficient response to immunosuppressive therapy: a multicenter retrospective chart review study

Annals of Hematology - This study assessed treatment patterns and healthcare resource utilization (HRU) of patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) with insufficient response to immunosuppressive...     

Temporal summation and reaction times for detecting gratings

The effects of the duration of presentation of stimuli on the reaction time for detection of gratings of different spatial frequencies were studied. The product of contrast and duration (the contrast energy) was kept constant for each duration. These experiments showed that at near-threshold energies, reaction times did not change with increases in the duration to 15 and 30 msec at low and high spatial frequencies respectively. At high contrast energies,rd this critical duration was identical (15 msec) for both low and high spatial frequencies. The effects of the duration of a linearly increasing front for grating presentation on detection reaction times were also studied. Increases in the duration of the front (to 60 msec) significantly lengthened the reaction time at low spatial frequencies at all contrast levels studied. Conversely, at high spatial frequencies, a significant increase in the reaction time was seen only at high contrast levels. These results suggest that reaction time depends on two types of mechanisms (phasic and tonic) at nearthreshold contrast and one type (phasic) at high contrast.Translated from Rossiiskii Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 89, No. 10, pp. 1240–1249, October, 2003.     

Norddeutsche Orthop?denvereinigung Berlin, 22.–24. Juni 2000

Die gute Zusammenarbeit mit der Industrie wurde durch die zahlreich vertretenen Firmen und deren Ausstellungsfl?chen dokumentiert, die zu einem Erfahrungsaustausch und zur Diskussion neuer “Trends” einluden sowie auf neue Entwicklungen aufmerksam machten.     

Real-world effectiveness of fremanezumab in migraine patients initiating treatment in the United States: results from a retrospective chart study

BackgroundThe efficacy and tolerability of fremanezumab, a fully humanized monoclonal antibody (IgG2Δa) that selectively targets calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and is approved for the preventive treatment of migraine in adults, have been demonstrated in randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Real-world data can further support those clinical trial data and demonstrate the full clinical benefits of fremanezumab. This chart review assessed the effectiveness of fremanezumab for improving clinical outcomes in adult patients with migraine treated according to real-world clinical practice.MethodsThis retrospective, panel-based, online physician chart review study used electronic case report forms with US physicians. Patient inclusion criteria were a physician diagnosis of migraine, fremanezumab treatment initiation at ≥ 18 years of age after US Food and Drug Administration approval, ≥ 1 dose of fremanezumab treatment, and ≥ 2 assessments of monthly migraine days (MMD; 1 within 30 days before treatment initiation and ≥ 1 after initiation). Changes from baseline in MMD, monthly headache days (MHD), and Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) and 6-item Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) scores were assessed over 6 months. These endpoints were evaluated in the overall population and subgroups divided by dosing schedule and number of prior migraine preventive treatment failures.ResultsThis study included data from 421 clinicians and 1003 patients. Mean age at fremanezumab initiation was 39.7 years, and most patients were female (75.8%). In the overall population, mean baseline MMD and MHD were 12.7 and 14.0, respectively. Mean (percent) reductions from baseline in MMD and MHD, respectively, were − 4.6 (36.2%) and − 4.7 (33.6%) at Month 1, − 6.7 (52.8%) and − 6.8 (48.6%) at Month 3, and − 9.2 (72.4%) and − 9.8 (70.0%) at Month 6. Mean (percent) reductions from baseline in MIDAS and HIT-6 scores also increased over the 6-month study period, from − 6.2 (21.6%) and − 8.4 (14.0%) at Month 1 to − 18.1 (63.1%) and − 16.2 (27.0%) at Month 6, respectively. Improvements in these outcomes over 6 months were observed across all evaluated subgroups.ConclusionsThis real-world study demonstrated effectiveness of fremanezumab treatment for up to 6 months, irrespective of dosing regimen or number of prior migraine preventive treatment failures, reflecting ongoing, clinically meaningful improvements in patient outcomes.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10194-022-01411-1.     

How many pathways determine the speed of grating detection?

Reaction time (RT) for detection of gratings of different spatial frequencies (SF, 0.87-13.87 c/d) and contrast (2-32 times above the detection threshold) was measured. It was found that at low stimulus contrast, 2 and 4 times above the detection threshold, the dependence of mean RT on SF is an "S"-type function with the two plateaus 50-60 ms apart. The standard deviation (SD) increases significantly for SFs within the range 2.60-6.93 c/deg and this coincides with the transition of mean RT from one plateau to another. At higher contrast the dependence of RT on the SF is a monotonically increasing function without any plateau and SD does not demonstrate any extrema within the entire SF-range. The results suggest that RT is determined by two mechanisms (transient and sustained) at low contrast, and by one (transient) mechanism at higher contrasts.