Does prophylactic sotalol and magnesium decrease the incidence of atrial fibrillation following coronary artery bypass surgery: a propensity-matched analysis

Background  

Atrial fibrillation can occur in up to 40% of patients undergoing coronary surgery.     

In vivo Intracellular Recording of Neurons in the Supraoptic Nucleus of the Rat Hypothalamus

Intracellular recordings were made from cells in the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus in the urethane-anaesthetized male rat using the ventral surgical approach. Impalements lasted from 5 min to 1 h and recorded cells had an input resistance of 55 to 170 megohms. Spikes of over 50 mV were recorded from 14 cells which could be antidromically activated by stimulation of the neural stalk. The spikes showed a hyperpolarizing afterpotential and the broadening characteristic of rapidly firing magnocellular neurons, which recovered rapidly (<200 ms). When depolarized, the cells showed evidence of a transient potassium current. Recurrent synaptic coupling between the recorded cell and adjacent cells would be expected to alter the hyperpolarizing afterpotential of an antidromic spike as compared with a spontaneous spike; no perceptible difference in the waveforms of the different types of spike could be detected in 11 spontaneously active cells. Application of just subthreshold stimuli to the neural stalk did not evoke depolarizing or hyperpolarizing potentials. Suprathreshold shocks to the neural stalk, when the antidromic spike was prevented by collision, also had no discernible effect on membrane potential. Thus intracellular recordings from magnocellular neurons in vivo revealed electrophysiological properties similar to those seen in vitro. No evidence for synaptic interconnection between magnocellular neurons was found in male rats.     

颈内动脉接近完全闭塞时的处理

目的由于卒中风险随着狭窄严重程度的增加而升高，因此认为颈内动脉（ICA）接近闭塞患者的卒中风险很高。在现有的随机试验中，还没有专门针对这种情况进行探讨，因此其处理尚存在争汶。方法：对相关文献进行系统评价。结果：对ICA接近闭塞患者的处理还存在争议：一些学者支持进行干预，而另一些学者则认为存在风险或没有益处而反对进行干预。在ICA接近闭塞的有症状患者中进行一项比较外科治疗与最佳内科治疗的多中心前瞻性随机试验似乎非常困难，因为这类研究需要大量的患者。尽管如此，基于目前的证据，似乎很难拒绝手术治疗。结论：由于目前对ICA接近闭塞患者的最佳处理方案仍存在着争议，因此需要前瞻性观察性研究以证实其在有症状和无症状人群中的患病率以及相关的卒中风险。基于目前的证据，大多数医疗中心选择手术治疗，但它相对干内科治疗的特粱尚右待证章．     

“维生素AD、铁营养强化奶的研制”研究报告

目的:研制维生素AD、铁营养强化奶,用于群体有效防治维生素AD、铁缺乏.方法:应用微胶囊技术科学配方成维生素AD、铁营养粉,添加到鲜牛奶中.结果:工业化生产维生素AD、铁营养强化奶.结论:该产品取得了很好的社会效益和经济效益.     

Comparison of three intracellular markers for combined electrophysiological, morphological and immunohistochemical analyses.

Hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic neurons were recorded intracellularly in coronal slices and injected with Lucifer yellow, ethidium bromide or biocytin. Electrical properties, morphological staining and neurophysin immunohistochemistry were compared among the 3 markers. Lucifer yellow electrodes had a high resistance and frequently blocked during experiments. Neurons recorded with Lucifer yellow electrodes had low input resistances and low-amplitude, broad spikes. Lucifer yellow labeling in whole mount was highly fluorescent, revealing distal dendrites and axons. Of cells injected with Lucifer yellow, 64% were recovered but were faint after immunohistochemical processing. Recordings with ethidium bromide electrodes were similar to controls, although electrode blockage sometimes occurred. Only somata and proximal dendrites of ethidium bromide-filled neurons were visible in whole-mount. Forty percent of cells injected with ethidium bromide were recovered after immunohistochemical processing; these were invariably faint. Recordings with biocytin-filled electrodes were similar to control recordings. Biocytin-filled, HRP-labeled cells showed distal dendrites and often dendritic spines and axons in 50-75-microns sections. Seventy percent of biocytin-injected cells labeled with fluorescent markers were recovered and remained strongly labeled after immunohistochemical processing. Biocytin had the best electrical and staining properties for combined electrophysiological and anatomical studies.     

Changes in Escherichia coli resistance to co-trimoxazole in tuberculosis patients and in relation to co-trimoxazole prophylaxis in Thyolo,Malawi

In Thyolo district, Malawi, an operational research study is being conducted on the efficacy and feasibility of co-trimoxazole prophylaxis in preventing deaths in HIV-positive patients with tuberculosis (TB). A series of cross-sectional studies were carried out to determine i) whether faecal Escherichia coli (E.coli) resistance to co-trimoxazole in TB patients changed with time and ii) whether the resistance pattern was different in HIV positive TB patients who were taking co-trimoxazole prophylaxis. Co-trimoxazole resistance among E.coli isolates in TB patients at the time of registration was 60% in 1999 and 77% in 2001 (p<0.01). Resistance was 89% among HIV-infected TB patients (receiving co-trimoxazole), while in HIV negative patients (receiving anti-TB therapy alone) it was 62% (p<0.001). The study shows a significant increase of E.coli resistance to co-trimoxazole in TB patients which is particularly prominent in HIV infected patients on co-trimoxazole prophylaxis. Since a high degree of plasmid-mediated transfer of resistance exists between E.coli and the Salmonella species, these findings could herald limitations on the short and long term benefits to be anticipated from the use of co-trimoxazole prophylaxis in preventing non-typhoidal salmonella bacteraemia and enteritis in HIV infected TB patients in Malawi.