Assessment of body composition measured by bioelectrical impedance in children

Bioelectorical impedance methods have been found to be a valid and reliable way of estimating per cent body fat (%BF) in adults. We applied them to healthy children and compared them with conventional anthropometry methods. One thousand two hundred and sixteen children participated in this study. Impedance and skinfold thickness were measured, and %BF was estimated using these values. Bodyweight and height were measured, and per cent obesity (%OB) and body mass index (BMI) were obtained. The values of %BF by the bioelectrical impedance method (%BFi) were 8.6 ± 4.0% in the junior male group, 14.2±2.8% in the junior female group, 7.9±4.7% in the senior male group and 16.1 ±2.9% in the senior female group. The % BFi correlated strongly with skinfold thickness, %OB and BMI. Thus %BFi correlated strongly with variables from conventional methods. It was concluded that it is a reliable way of assessing lipid storage in children.     

延胡索的药理研究 Ⅶ.延胡索乙素对狗胃液分泌的影响及其催眠作用

1.实验用具有Thomas改良式小胃狗3只,其中2只单次皮下注射乙素20毫克/公斤后,对胃液分泌量没有显著影响。皮下注射40毫克/公斤连续12天,胃液分泌总量无显著变化,仅在给药的个别天数的第1小时的胃液分泌略有减少,对胃液酸度及消化力的影响也不明显。另1只狗单次皮下注射80毫克/公斤,在前后2次试验中,4小时胃液分泌总量都受到显著抑制,其中以第1、第2、第3小时减少最明显,胃液酸度(游离酸、总酸)及消化力也有明显减弱现象。2.狗2只每天皮下注射乙素40毫克/公斤,共12天。于给药后5—20分钟出现催眠作用,催眠时间持续在80分钟左右。在给药几次以后有消减现象,以后又有回升,至第11、第12天时,动物的催眠作用再度出现减弱,有一定的耐受现象。3.单次皮下注射乙素20及80毫克/公斤或是40毫克/公斤多次给药,对上述3只狗的呼吸都没有明显影响。     

Neural changes in ulcerative and hyperplastic pulpitis: a transmission electron microscopic study

The purpose of this study was to examine at ultrastructural level the neural changes in human apical pulps of teeth clinically diagnosed as having ulcerative or hyperplastic pulpitis. Seventeen specimens were prepared from six teeth with ulcerative or hyperplastic pulpitis and four specimens from two sound teeth. After routine procedures the specimens were examined under an electron microscope for changes in the structure of myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibres. Although the teeth used in this study responded positively to vitality test, the results revealed that moderate to severe degenerative changes occurred in the nerve fibres of the apical pulps of the teeth showing these two diseases.     

The Effect of Biliary Pressure on Antibiotic Excretion into Bile

Abstract: Biliary obstruction has been recognized to inhibit excretion of antibiotics into bile. In the present study, using cefpirome sulfate (CPR), we sought to determine the effect of biliary pressure on antibiotic transfer into bile in patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Thirty-six patients with a variety of biliopancreatic diseases (free of renal disease or hypoproteinemia) received a single intravenous dose of CPR (1 g) prior to ERCP. Under fluoroscopy a diagnostic catheter with a metal ball tip was advanced into the middle portion of the extrahepatic bile duct or, in cases of common bile duct obstruction, above the obstruction. Biliary pressure was measured via the same catheter using duodenal pressure as a reference. Subsequently, bile was aspirated, and blood was withdrawn simultaneously. The mean interval between CPR administration and the bile and blood samplings was 67±12 minutes. The bile CPR concentration and the bile/serum ratio of CPR concentrations showed a significant inverse correlation with biliary pressure, but the serum CPR concentration did not. The bile CPR concentration and the bile/serum ratio of CPR concentrations differed significantly between the group with normal biliary pressures, below 10 mmHg, and that with biliary pressures exceeding 10 mmHg. The serum CPR concentrations of the two groups were similar. These results suggest that biliary pressure plays an important role in determining antibiotic transfer into bile.     

氯丙嗪裂环类似物的神经药理作用

本文报导了18个氯丙嗪裂环类似物的神经药理作用。試驗結果表明:按(Ⅰ)所示虛线剖裂吩噻嗪(即苯噻嗪,phenothiazine)环系后,它們的鎮靜鎮定作用消失,抗組織胺作用明显減弱,局部麻醉作用有所增强。其中N-(β-对-氯苯硫乙基)N-(β-哌啶基丙酰基)-苯胺盐酸盐(NM-568)的局部麻醉效能更为明显,用多种方法与沙夫卡因和普魯卡因比較試驗,获得它們的局部麻醉效价比例如下:(1)家兔角膜試驗:NM-568的表面麻醉效力約接近沙夫卡因,較普魯卡因强1060倍。(2)豚鼠皮內丘样試驗:普魯卡因的效价为1;NM-568,27.5;沙夫卡因,22。(3)小白鼠坐骨神經传导阻滞試驗:如以普魯卡因的效价为1;NM-568,16;沙夫卡因,39.(4)蟾蜍脊髓麻醉:普魯卡因的效价为1;NM-568,9;沙夫卡因,8。对小白鼠的急性毒性,NM-568較沙夫卡因約小1倍,比普魯卡因約大3倍;它对家兔皮內注射和角膜的刺激作用較普魯卡因和沙夫卡因大。氯丙嗪按上列方式裂环后,发現N-(β-对-氯苯硫乙基)N-(γ-嗎啉基)-苯胺盐酸盐(NM-572),N-(β-对-氯苯硫乙基)N-(γ-哌啶基丙基)-苯胺盐酸盐(NM-578)在較大剂量时有抗电休克作用,但作用持續时间仅2小时。     

Effect of obstructive jaundice on neutrophil chemotactic activity: An in vivo assessment in zymosan-induced peritonitis model in rats

The effect of obstructive jaundice on local neutrophil accumulation in response to inflammatory stimulus was investigated in rats. Obstructive jaundice was produced by bile duct ligation for 7 days. Zymosan (200 mg) was injected intraperitoneally and 4h later myeloperoxidase activity in the peritoneal fluid was measured to quantify neutrophil recruitment. Zymosan-induced neutrophil recruitment was significantly greater (more than two-fold) in bile duct-ligated rats than in sham-ligated or normal animals. Depletion of peritoneal cells significantly suppressed neutrophil recruitment after zymosan injection in all three groups, with no significant differences between the groups. In normal rats, replacement of their peritoneal cells by those from bile duct-ligated rats did not enhance zymosan-induced neutrophil recruitment. In contrast, bile duct-ligated rats treated with peritoneal cell replacement from normals showed significantly increased neutrophil recruitment after zymosan injection. In vitro neutrophil chemotaxis in response to formyl-Met-Leu-Phe was significantly enhanced in bile duct-ligated rats, compared with that in sham-ligated animals. The results suggest that local neutrophil recruitment in response to inflammation may be enhanced in obstructive jaundice and that increased neutrophil chemotactic activity, not macrophage activity, may play a prime role in the mechanism.     

Spinal Surgery after Bilateral Subthalamic Stimulation for Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: A Retrospective Outcome Analysis of Pain and Functional Control

Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients often suffer from spinal diseases requiring surgeries, although the risk of complications is high. There are few reports on outcomes after spinal surgery for PD patients with deep brain stimulation (DBS). The objective of this study was to explore the data on spinal surgery for PD patients with precedent DBS. We evaluated 24 consecutive PD patients with 28 spinal surgeries from 2007 to 2017 who received at least a 2-year follow-up. The characteristics and outcomes of PD patients after spinal surgery were compared to those of 156 non-PD patients with degenerative spinal diseases treated in 2013–2017. Then, the characteristics, outcomes, and spinal alignment of PD patients receiving DBS were analyzed in degenerative spinal/lumbar diseases. The mean age at the time of spinal surgery was 68 years. The Hoehn and Yahr score regarding PD was stage 1 for 8 patients, stage 2 for 2 patients, stage 3 for 8 patients, stage 4 for 10 patients, and stage 5 for 0 patient. The median preoperative L-DOPA equivalent daily dose was 410 mg. Thirteen patients (46%) received precedent subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS. Lumbar lesions with pain were common, and operation and anesthesia times were long in PD patients. Pain and functional improvement of PD patients persisted for 2 years after surgery with a higher complication rate than for non-PD patients. PD patients with STN DBS maintained better lumbar lordosis for 2 years after spinal surgery. STN DBS significantly maintained spinal alignment with subsequent pain and functional amelioration 2 years after surgery. The outcomes of spinal surgery for PD patients might be favorably affected by thorough treatment for PD including DBS.     

延胡索药理研究 Ⅷ.延胡索乙素同型物的化学结构和疗效关系

延胡索乙素(簡称乙素)的化学結构为四氫巴馬汀(tetrahydropalmatine)。本文作者对它的药理作用已有过报导,証明它是一种新类型的中枢抑制剂,有良好的鎮痛效能和明显的鎮靜催眠作用,因此乙素是具有一定实际意义和值得研究的药物。为了探求更有效的新药及闡明其作用規律,作者对乙素化学結构和药理作用之間的关系进行了若干研究。本文卽报导38种乙素同型物的化学結构与其鎮痛、鎮靜及抗电休克作用之間关系的資料。材料和方法本文所用乙素及其同型物共38种,其化学結构和类別見表1. 其中极大部分药物由本所合成室合成,少部分由第二軍医大学药学系供給。乙素的左、右旋光异构体由本