Prosthetic treatment in the adult French population: Prevalence and relation with demographic,socioeconomic and medical characteristics

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of dental prosthetic treatment and to investigate the demographic, social, economic and medical factors associated with the use of fixed and removable dentures in a representative sample of adults living in France.MethodsThe data were obtained from the 2002–2003 Decennial Health Survey, a cross-sectional study of a representative sample of the population living in France, which included 29,679 adults. Information was collected by interview. The variables collected were fixed denture, removable denture, age, gender, number of children, area of residence, nationality, educational attainment, family social status, employment status, annual household income per capita, supplementary insurance, chronic disease, eyesight problems/glasses, hearing problems/hearing aids. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to study the relationship between prosthetic treatment and demographic, socioeconomic and medical characteristics unadjusted, adjusted for age and adjusted for all the characteristics.ResultsThe prevalence of prosthetic treatment was 34.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): [34.1; 35.2]) for fixed prosthetic dentures and 13.8% (95% CI: [13.4; 14.2]) for removable prosthetic dentures. We showed a gradient between educational attainment and removable dentures; the odds ratio adjusted for all the variables (aOR) associated with no or primary education compared to post-secondary education was 2.56; 95% CI: [2.09; 3.13]. When annual household income per capita was low, subjects were less likely to report fixed dentures (aOR = 0.68; 95% CI: [0.62; 0.75]) than those with high annual household income per capita. Individuals without insurance less often reported fixed dentures than those with private insurance. Those reporting chronic disease were less likely to report fixed dentures (aOR = 0.87; 95% CI: [0.79; 0.95]) but more likely to report removable dentures (aOR = 1.29; 95% CI: [1.17; 1.43]) than those without chronic disease.ConclusionThis study reveals social, economic and medical inequalities in fixed and removable prosthetic treatment among adults in France.     

川陈皮素对糖尿病肾病大鼠AMPK和eNOS表达的影响研究

【摘要】目的 观察川陈皮素对糖尿病肾病大鼠的治疗作用，并从腺苷酸蛋白活化激酶（AMPK）和内皮型一氧化氮酶（eNOS）途径探讨其作用机理。方法 采用高脂高糖饲料喂养+链脲佐菌素（STZ）腹腔注射复制2型糖尿病肾脏损害大鼠模型，模型构建成功后，将其随机分为正常组、模型组、贝那普利干预组以及川陈皮素低、中和高剂量治疗组（n=20）。实验中密切监测大鼠一般情况，治疗期结束后收集尿液检测24h蛋白尿，收集血液检测肾功能指标、抗氧化指标，收集肾脏观察肾脏病理学，同时检测肾脏组织中AMPK及eNOS蛋白和mRNA的表达结果。结果 正常组肾小球正常，无明显病理特征；模型组出现肾小球增大，系膜和肾间质纤维组织增生；贝那普利组和川陈皮素三个剂量组相较于模型组明显减轻。与正常组相比，模型组24h尿蛋白定量、UREA、CREA和MDA明显升高(P＜005)；SOD和GSH明显降低(P＜005)，与模型组相比，贝那普利和川陈皮素三个剂量组24h尿蛋白定量、UREA、CREA和MDA明显降低(P＜005)，SOD和GSH明显升高(P＜005)。与正常组相比，模型组p AMPK、AMPK和eNOS蛋白和mRNA表达均明显降低(P＜005)；与模型组相比，贝那普利组和川陈皮素低、中和高剂量组AMPK和eNOS蛋白和mRNA表达明显升高(P＜005)。结论 川陈皮素可保护肾功能，提高血清和肾脏抗氧化指标，同时增加AMPK和eNOS蛋白和mRNA表达，最终保护糖尿病肾脏损害。     

Recall of emotional and neutral words and paragraphs in traumatic brain injury

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in verbal recall deficits and impaired processing of emotion encoded in facial appearance, prosody and the linguistic content of messages. Emotion facilitates memory (emotional memory advantage) for non-brain injured (NBI) individuals but the impact of emotion on verbal recall for linguistically encoded stimuli in TBI has not been explored.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of stimulus emotional content on verbal recall of words and paragraphs in TBI compared to NBI individuals.

Methods and procedures: Six 10-item lists, each with five emotional and five neutral words, and six paragraphs (three emotional, three neutral) were counterbalanced and presented in random order to 20 individuals with TBI and 44 NBI. The number of words from lists and the number of content units from paragraphs were compared for the two groups.

Outcomes and results: The NBI participants recalled more words from the lists and content units from the paragraphs than the individuals with TBI. Both groups recalled significantly more emotional than neutral words. NBI but not TBI participants had significantly greater recall for information in paragraphs with emotional content.

Conclusions: Participants with TBI showed impaired recall of words and paragraph content. Emotion facilitated word and paragraph content recall for neurotypical individuals but emotional memory advantage was limited to words for the TBI participants.