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Randomized double-blind study of fluvoxamine and maprotiline in treatment of depression 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In a six-week double-blind randomized trial, preceded by a one-week period of single-blind placebo treatment, the efficacy and the side-effects of fluvoxamine (100-300 mg/d) (n = 24) and maprotiline (50-150 mg/d) (n = 24) were compared in moderately depressed outpatients with DSM-III Major Depression (n = 22) or Dysthymic Disorder (n = 26). Efficacy was measured by means of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the Zung Depression Selfrating Scale, and a Clinical Global Impression of Severity Scale. Side-effects were evaluated by an Adverse Event Inventory and a Psychosomatic Symptom Scale. A statistically significant improvement was achieved in both treatment groups but success rates were modest: in both groups, 29% of the patients achieved a clinically significant improvement after six weeks of treatment. After six weeks of treatment, no difference in efficacy was found between fluvoxamine and maprotiline. Nausea was the most common complaint in the fluvoxamine group, while in the maprotiline group, it was dry mouth and constipation. One maprotiline-treated patient developed a convulsive attack. 相似文献
4.
Kundel HL; Gefter W; Aronchick J; Miller W Jr; Hatabu H; Whitfill CH; Miller W Sr 《Radiology》1997,205(3):859
5.
CTLA-4 is required for the induction of high dose oral tolerance 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:5
Samoilova EB; Horton JL; Zhang H; Khoury SJ; Weiner HL; Chen Y 《International immunology》1998,10(4):491-498
Mucosal and systemic administrations of high dose antigens induce long-
lasting peripheral T cell tolerance. We and others have shown that high
dose peripheral T cell tolerance is mediated by anergy or deletion and is
preceded by T cell activation. Co-stimulatory molecules B7-1 (CD80)/B7-2
(CD86) and their counter-receptors CD28/CTLA-4 play pivotal roles in T cell
activation and immune regulation. In the present study, we examined the
roles of the B7 co-stimulation pathway in the generation of high dose
peripheral T cell tolerance. We found that blocking B7:CD28/CTLA-4
interaction at the time of tolerance induction partially prevented T cell
tolerance, whereas selective blockade of B7:CTLA-4 interaction completely
abrogated peripheral T cell tolerance induced by either oral or i.p.
antigens. These results suggest that CTLA-4-mediated feedback regulation
plays a crucial role in the induction of high dose peripheral T cell
tolerance.
相似文献
6.
Molecular genetic characterization of XRCC4 function 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
XRCC4 is a generally expressed protein of 334 amino acids that is involved
in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks and in V(D)J recombination, but
its function is unknown. In this study, we have used a mutational approach
and the yeast two-hybrid method to perform an initial characterization of
this protein. We show that the XRCC4 protein is located in the nucleus. We
also demonstrate that several potential phosphorylation sites are not
required for XRCC4 function in a transient V(D)J recombination assay. In
addition, we show that XRCC4 forms a homodimer in vivo with the
homodimerization domain being located within amino acids 115-204. Finally,
we define a core domain of XRCC4 that functions in V(D)J recombination and
comprises amino acids 18-204. Potential functions of XRCC4 are discussed.
相似文献
7.
Randomised controlled trial of pelvic floor muscle exercises and manometric biofeedback for erectile dysfunction. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Grace Dorey Mark Speakman Roger Feneley Annette Swinkels Christopher Dunn Paul Ewings 《The British journal of general practice》2004,54(508):819-825
BACKGROUND: The pelvic floor muscles are active in normal erectile function. Therefore, it was hypothesised that weak pelvic floor muscles could be a cause of erectile dysfunction.AIMS: To compare the efficacy of pelvic floor muscle exercises and manometric biofeedback with lifestyle changes for men with erectile dysfunction.Design of study: Randomised controlled trial.SETTING: The Somerset Nuffield Hospital, Taunton, United Kingdom.METHOD: Fifty-five men with erectile dysfunction (median age 59.2 years; range 22-78 years) were enrolled from a local urology clinic. Of these, 28 participants were randomised to an intervention group and engaged in pelvic floor exercises, as well as receiving biofeedback and suggestions for lifestyle changes. Twenty-seven controls were solely advised on lifestyle changes. Baseline, 3- and 6-month assessments were: erectile function domain of International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), Partner's International Index of Erectile Function (PIIEF), Erectile Dysfunction-Effect on Quality of Life (ED-EQoL), anal manometry, digital anal measurements, and clinical assessment by an assessor blind to treatment allocation. After 3 months, the control group were transferred to the active arm.RESULTS: At 3 months, compared with controls, men in the intervention group showed significant mean increases in the erectile function domain of the IIEF (6.74 points, P = 0.004); anal pressure (44.16 cmH(2)O, P <0.001); and digital anal grades (1.5 grades, P <0.001). All showed further improvement in these outcomes at 6 months. Similar benefits were seen in men of the control arm after transfer to active treatment. A total of 22 (40.0%) participants attained normal function, 19 (34.5%) participants had improved erectile function, and 14 (25.5%) participants failed to improve.CONCLUSION: Pelvic floor muscle exercises and biofeedback are an effective treatment for men with erectile dysfunction. 相似文献
8.
Liu JQ; Bai XF; Shi FD; Xiao BG; Li HL; Levi M; Mustafa M; Wahren B; Link H 《International immunology》1998,10(8):1139-1148
Induction of mucosal tolerance by inhalation of soluble peptides with
defined T cell epitopes is receiving much attention as a means of
specifically down-regulating pathogenic T cell reactivities in autoimmune
and allergic disorders. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)
induced in the Lewis rat by immunization with myelin basic protein (MBP)
and Freund's adjuvant (CFA) is mediated by CD4+ T cells specific for the
MBP amino acid sequences 68-86 and 87-99. To further define the principles
of nasal tolerance induction, we generated three different MBP peptides
(MBP 68-86, 87-99 and the non- encephalitogenic peptide 110-128), and
evaluated whether their nasal administration on day -11, -10, -9, -8 and -7
prior to immunization with guinea pig MBP (gp-MBP) + CFA confers protection
to Lewis rat EAE. Protection was achieved with the encephalitogenic
peptides MBP 68-86 and 87-99, MBP 68-86 being more potent, but not with MBP
110-128. Neither MBP 68-86 nor 87-99 at doses used conferred complete
protection to gp-MBP-induced EAE. In contrast, nasal administration of a
mixture of MBP 68-86 and 87-99 completely blocked gp-MBP-induced EAE even
at lower dosage compared to that being used for individual peptides. Rats
tolerized with MBP 68-86 + 87-99 nasally showed decreased T cell responses
to MBP reflected by lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-gamma ELISPOT assays.
Rats tolerized with MBP 68-86 + 87-99 also had abrogated MBP-reactive
IFN-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA expression in lymph node
cells compared to rats receiving MBP 110-128 nasally, while similar low
levels of MBP-reactive transforming growth factor-beta and IL-4 mRNA
expressing cells were observed in the two groups. Nasal administration of
MBP 68-86 + 87-99 only slightly inhibited guinea pig spinal cord
homogenate-induced EAE, and passive transfer of spleen mononuclear cells
from MBP 68-86 + 87-99-tolerized rats did not protect naive rats from EAE.
Finally, we show that nasal administration of MBP 68-86 + 87-99 can reverse
ongoing EAE induced with gp-MBP, although higher doses are required
compared to the dosage needed for prevention. In conclusion, nasal
administration of encephalitogenic MBP peptides can induce antigen-specific
T cell tolerance and confer incomplete protection to gp-MBP-induced EAE,
and MBP 68-86 and 87-99 have synergistic effects. Non-regulatory mechanisms
are proposed to be responsible for tolerance development after nasal
peptide administration.
相似文献
9.
Novel fluorescent oligonucleotides that contain a 3' minor groove binding group (MGB) hybridize to single-stranded targets with increased sequence-specificity compared to ordinary DNA probes. This reduces non-specific probe hybridization and results in low background fluorescence during the 5' nuclease PCR assay (TaqMan, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). We developed a method for closed-tube genotyping using two allele-specific MGB probes labeled with different fluorophores in one reaction. After PCR, tubes were transported to a fluorescence plate-reader for analysis of fluorescence. Common spreadsheet software was used for automated genotype assignment. As an example, DNA samples from 172 hemochromatosis patients were selected and tested for molecular defects in the HFE gene, i.e., mutations in codon 63 and 282. Tight genotype clusters were observed for both codons and results with MGB probes were identical to conventional genotyping (PCR + restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism). We show that this fast and easy method can be used for large-scale (high-throughput) genetic studies but also for routine molecular diagnostics without post-PCR manipulation of amplicons or the need for real-time quantitative PCR machines. Hum Mutat 19:554-559, 2002. 相似文献
10.