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The aim of this study was to determine the self-reported preventive oral health related behaviours of dentally anxious schoolchildren. 1103 children participated in the study, mean age 14 years (SD 0.35 years), and the prevalence of high dental anxiety was 7.1 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval = 5.6 per cent, 8.6 per cent). Children with high self reported dental anxiety were more likely to defer, cancel and or not attend dental appointments. In addition, for this group the last dental visit was more likely to be as a result of pain and less likely to have been for a dental examination only. Overall dentally anxious children did not help themselves by keeping their teeth clean. Fluorides were infrequently used by all the children, and only 12 per cent of all who participated in the study used fluoride supplements regularly. In this context it is not surprising that no differences in present or past use of fluoride supplements could be determined between high and low/moderate dental anxiety groups. The high dental anxiety group spend significantly more (median = 50p) on sweets per day and drank more cans of fizzy drinks (median = 2) compared with the low/moderate anxiety groups. These effects were significant after taking into account social class and gender differences. It was clear from the study that even when social class and gender are taken into account the children with high dental anxiety were not helped by their relatively poor attitudes towards preventing disease in their own mouths. 相似文献
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Summary A retrospective evaluation of the prognostic value of different parameters available in patients affected by glial tumours and submitted to serial stereotactic biopsy is presented. The series investigated includes thirty-three untreated patients with proven brain gliomas submitted to stereotactic biopsy. All patients have been clinically and neuroradiologically monitored for three years. The factors investigated belong either to the preoperative data (clinical history and symptomatology, CT pattern and volume of the lesion) or to histological and biological data obtained after the stereotactic biopsy. The results suggest the need of a multimodal prognostic evaluation in glial tumours and particularly stressed is the accuracy of prognostic indications derived from cell kinetic studies.Presented at the European Congress of Neurosurgery, Barcelona, September 1987. 相似文献
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Telfer JF; Thomson AJ; Cameron IT; Greer IA; Norman JE 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1997,12(10):2306-2312
Superoxide, an agent which attenuates the half-life of nitric oxide, is
metabolized and synthesized by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and xanthine
oxidase, respectively. Over the last few years much work has focused on the
role of nitric oxide in human parturition. The aim of this study was to
determine whether the onset of human parturition is associated with a
change in the expression of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD),
manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD) or xanthine oxidase within the
uterus. Samples of myometrium, placenta, decidua and fetal membranes were
obtained from women before and after the onset of labour at term.
Immunocytochemistry was used to localize Cu/Zn SOD, Mn SOD and xanthine
oxidase and measure SOD enzyme activity. Cu/Zn and Mn SOD-like
immunoreactivity was detected in syncytiotrophoblast cells, villous stromal
cells and endothelial cells of blood vessels in the placenta. In the
myometrium Cu/Zn and Mn SOD were localized to myocytes and endothelial
cells and to some vascular smooth muscle cells. In the fetal membranes we
observed staining for Cu/Zn SOD and Mn SOD in the amnion, chorion,
extravillous trophoblast and decidua. There was no difference in SOD enzyme
activity or staining intensity for SOD between different cell types before
and during labour. Xanthine oxidase immunoreactivity was identified in each
of the tissues examined and again there was no difference in immunostaining
in tissues obtained from women delivered before or after the onset of
labour. These results show that the pregnant uterus is capable of both
synthesizing and degrading superoxide and suggest that superoxide dismutase
and xanthine oxidase may play a role in the maintenance of uterine
quiescence during pregnancy, but not in the initiation of parturition.
相似文献
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Integrated YAC Contig Map of the Prader–Willi/Angelman Region on Chromosome 15q11–q13 with Average STS Spacing of 35 kb
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Susan L. Christian Nehal K. Bhatt Scott A. Martin James S. Sutcliffe Takeo Kubota Bing Huang Apiwat Mutirangura A. Craig Chinault Arthur L. Beaudet David H. Ledbetter 《Genome research》1998,8(2):146-157
Prader–Willi syndrome and Angelman syndrome are associated with parent-of-origin-specific abnormalities of chromosome 15q11–q13, most frequently a deletion of an ~4-Mb region. Because of genomic imprinting, paternal deficiency of this region leads to PWS and maternal deficiency to AS. Additionally, this region is frequently involved in other chromosomal rearrangements including duplications, triplications, or supernumerary marker formation. A detailed physical map of this region is important for elucidating the genes and mechanisms involved in genomic imprinting, as well as for understanding the mechanism of recurrent chromosomal rearrangments. An initial YAC contig extended from D15S18 to D15S12 and was comprised of 23 YACs and 21 STSs providing an average resolution of about one STS per 200 kb. To close two gaps in this contig, YAC screening was performed using two STSs that flank the gap between D15S18 and 254B5R and three STSs located distal to the GABRA5–149A9L gap. Additionally, we developed 11 new STSs, including seven polymorphic markers. Although several groups have developed whole-genome genetic and radiation hybrid maps, the depth of coverage for 15q11–q13 has been somewhat limited and discrepancies in marker order exist between the maps. To resolve the inconsistencies and to provide a more detailed map order of STSs in this region, we have constructed an integrated YAC STS-based physical map of chromosome 15q11–q13 containing 118 YACs and 118 STSs, including 38 STRs and 49 genes/ESTs. Using an estimate of 4 Mb for the size of this region, the map provides an average STS spacing of 35 kb. This map provides a valuable resource for identification of disease genes localized to this region as well as a framework for complete DNA sequencing. 相似文献
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Endothelin receptor expression in human decidua 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
Kohnen G; Campbell S; Irvine GA; Church HJ; MacLachlan F; Titterington M; Cameron IT 《Molecular human reproduction》1998,4(2):185-193
The endothelins are signalling peptides that act via two receptors, ET(A)
and ET(B). In the human endometrium, endothelin receptors have been
demonstrated in glands and stroma and have been shown to vary during the
course of the menstrual cycle. The present study was undertaken to
determine whether or not expression of endothelin receptors changes during
pregnancy or after administration of exogenous progestagens. The expression
of the receptors was correlated with the appearance of basement membrane
components during decidualization of the endometrial stroma. Decidual
specimens (n = 15) were obtained during the first trimester of pregnancy
and 10 at term. Sixteen pairs of endometrial biopsies were obtained from
women with menorrhagia before and after exposure to exogenous progestagens.
A total of 15 hysterectomy specimens were used as controls for the
expression of stromal basement membrane proteins in the absence of
decidualization. Autoradiography was carried out with selective ligands for
ET(A) ([125I]-PD 151242) and ET(B) ([125I]-BQ3020). The distribution of
ligand binding was then compared with the distribution of laminin alpha2
light chain and collagen IV. ET(A), ET(B), laminin alpha2 light chain, and
collagen IV were expressed in stromal decidual cells in the first trimester
of pregnancy. ET(B) was also found on endometrial glandular epithelium.
Quantitative macro-autoradiography and multiple regression analysis
demonstrated a highly significant positive correlation (P < 0.001)
between expression of ET(B) and laminin alpha2 light chain. In the third
trimester qualitative examination suggested a reduction of ET(A) in the
stroma. Progestagen-induced decidua exhibited a similar pattern to that
found in first trimester decidua. This study has demonstrated up-regulation
of ET(B) during the progesterone- dependent process of decidualization and
suggests a paracrine or autocrine role for endothelins in the decidua.
相似文献
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