全文获取类型
收费全文 | 40471篇 |
免费 | 2379篇 |
国内免费 | 168篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 364篇 |
儿科学 | 733篇 |
妇产科学 | 632篇 |
基础医学 | 6126篇 |
口腔科学 | 1169篇 |
临床医学 | 3692篇 |
内科学 | 8945篇 |
皮肤病学 | 849篇 |
神经病学 | 4561篇 |
特种医学 | 2156篇 |
外科学 | 5384篇 |
综合类 | 199篇 |
一般理论 | 13篇 |
预防医学 | 1960篇 |
眼科学 | 818篇 |
药学 | 2498篇 |
中国医学 | 65篇 |
肿瘤学 | 2854篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 319篇 |
2022年 | 466篇 |
2021年 | 880篇 |
2020年 | 575篇 |
2019年 | 786篇 |
2018年 | 973篇 |
2017年 | 791篇 |
2016年 | 1093篇 |
2015年 | 1187篇 |
2014年 | 1434篇 |
2013年 | 1830篇 |
2012年 | 2972篇 |
2011年 | 2965篇 |
2010年 | 1747篇 |
2009年 | 1531篇 |
2008年 | 2624篇 |
2007年 | 2630篇 |
2006年 | 2559篇 |
2005年 | 2447篇 |
2004年 | 2170篇 |
2003年 | 2011篇 |
2002年 | 1964篇 |
2001年 | 668篇 |
2000年 | 623篇 |
1999年 | 625篇 |
1998年 | 397篇 |
1997年 | 291篇 |
1996年 | 206篇 |
1995年 | 203篇 |
1994年 | 174篇 |
1993年 | 126篇 |
1992年 | 221篇 |
1991年 | 186篇 |
1990年 | 191篇 |
1989年 | 184篇 |
1988年 | 160篇 |
1987年 | 131篇 |
1986年 | 146篇 |
1985年 | 132篇 |
1984年 | 112篇 |
1983年 | 107篇 |
1979年 | 101篇 |
1978年 | 78篇 |
1977年 | 78篇 |
1974年 | 89篇 |
1973年 | 79篇 |
1972年 | 80篇 |
1971年 | 73篇 |
1969年 | 87篇 |
1968年 | 78篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
Stephan Koter Tina U. Cohnert Korbinian B. Hindermayr Jörg Lindenmann Maximilian Brückner Wolfgang K. Oswald Georg Werkgartner Doris Wagner 《Journal of vascular surgery》2019,69(4):1227-1232
Objective
Low psoas muscle area is shown to be an indicator for worse postoperative outcome in patients undergoing vascular surgical. Additionally, it has been associated with longer durations of hospital stay in patients with cancer who undergo surgery and subsequently greater health care costs in Europe and the United States. We sought to evaluate this effect on hospital expenditure for patients undergoing vascular repair in a health care system with universal access.Methods
Skeletal muscle mass was assessed on preoperative abdominal computed tomography scans of patients undergoing open aortic aneurysm repair in a retrospective fashion. The skeletal muscle index (SMI) was used to define low muscle mass. Health care costs were obtained for all patients and the relationship between a low SMI and higher costs was explored using linear regression and cross-sectional analysis.Results
We included 156 patients (81.5% male) with a median age of 72 years undergoing elective surgery for infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm in this analysis. The median SMI for patients with low skeletal muscle mass was 53.21 cm2/kg and for patients without, 70.07 cm2/kg. Hospital duration of stay was 2 days longer in patients with low skeletal muscle mass as compared with patients with normal (14 days vs 11 days; P = .001), as was duration of intensive care stay (3 days vs 1 day; P = .01). The median overall hospital costs were €10,460 higher for patients with a low SMI as compared with patients with a normal physical constitution (€53,739 [interquartile range, €45,007-€62,471] vs €43,279 [interquartile range, €39,509-€47,049]; P = .001). After confounder adjustment, a low SMI was associated with a 14.68% cost increase in overall hospital costs, for a cost increase of €6521.Conclusions
Low skeletal muscle mass is independently associated with higher hospital as well as intensive care costs in patients undergoing elective aortic aneurysm repair. Strategies to reduce this risk factor are warranted for these patients. 相似文献3.
4.
5.
E Chankiewitz D Peschke L Herberg I Bazwinsky E Mühlbauer H-J Br?mme E Peschke 《Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes》2006,114(5):262-269
The New Zealand obese mouse (NZO/Hl) is characterised by hereditary obesity and type-2 diabetes, including insulin resistance, hyperinsulinaemia, and glucose intolerance. In other diabetic models, it has been revealed that the proper functioning of the glucose transporter isoform 2 (GLUT2) is essential for adequate secretion of insulin. The aim of this study was to compare the distribution of islet cells and GLUT2, as well as the expression of GLUT2-mRNA, in the pancreas of NZO mice and metabolically unimpaired NMRI (Naval Medical Research Institute) mice. Pancreas tissue was obtained from different stages of development. For molecular determination of the expression level of GLUT2-mRNA, total-RNA was extracted from the pancreas and analysed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. All investigated NZO mice displayed increased weight, elevated hyperinsulinaemia, and slightly enhanced blood glucose levels compared with the NMRI control mice. By means of immunofluorescence microscopy drastically reduced insulin levels were detected, which might be compensated by the observed islet cell hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Furthermore, the normally peripheral localisation of the alpha-cells within islets was disturbed. By contrast, there were no changes in somatostatin cell distribution. However, considerable differences appeared with regard to GLUT2: whereas the beta-cells of NMRI mice showed dense immunostaining of the GLUT2 transporter on the cell surface, in all age groups of NZO mice, GLUT2 on the plasma membranes was reduced and dispersed in the cytoplasm. These findings agree with the molecular biological results, which displayed decreased mRNA-expression of GLUT2. In summary, the observed alteration of islet morphology and of GLUT2 expression in diabetic mice complements our previous results from a superfusion protocol and further clarifies the mechanisms of diabetogenesis in NZO mice. 相似文献
6.
Erica Brühlmann-Jecklin 《Psychotherapie Forum》2006,14(1):36-41
I discuss various viewpoints of physically disabled and nondisabled persons. I then question which views to preserve and which need to be changed as regards the subject of supervision of the physically disabled. I believe that illness and/or being physically disabled require different definitions and that for many physically disabled persons there is no either-or. In various theories it is asked how the physically disabled can be supported in their personal development, when it is maintained held that both disabled and non-disabled persons have the same mental and emotional conditions and requirements. The following theories will be considered: role theory, labeling theory, which holds to the idea of "self-fulfilling prophesy", the concept of the five pillars of identity, the expectations of self-effectiveness and of results and the theory of internal locus of control. It is a question of whether the physically disabled, like the nondisabled, should take the responsibility for their personal development upon themselves. In closing, I discuss where supervision can have a supportive effect in helping the physically disabled achieve greater personal development. Personal development improves the quality of life. Supervision for those who work with the physically disabled should contribute to reaching these goals. 相似文献
7.
The vagal nerve as a link between the nervous and immune system in the instance of polymicrobial sepsis 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Wolfram Kessler Tobias Traeger Alexandra Westerholt Friederike Neher Marlene Mikulcak Antje Müller Stefan Maier Claus-Dieter Heidecke 《Langenbeck's archives of surgery / Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Chirurgie》2006,391(2):83-87
Background The role of the vagal nerve in the autonomic nervous system is widely well known. Recently, an additional function was revealed
serving as a connector between the nervous and immune system. This connection is called the “cholinergic inflammatory pathway.”
Through stimulation of the acetylcholine receptors located upon the macrophages, the “unspecific” immune system can be directly
influenced.
Methods The vagal nerve was completely transected directly posterior to its passage through the diaphragm. The effect of complete
vagotomy was analyzed using a murine model of polymicrobial peritonitis (colon ascendens stent peritonitis, CASP). Survival
and clinical course of vagotomized or sham-operated mice were analyzed in the CASP model.
Results After CASP surgery, vagotomy led to a significantly increased mortality (64.7%) in comparison to sham-vagotomized animals
(34%). No difference in the bacterial load of various tissues (lung, liver, spleen, blood, lavage fluid, and kidney) from
septic animals with or without vagotomy was observed. Vagotomized animals reveal elevated serum cytokine levels (TNF, IL-6,
IL-10, and MCP-1) 20 h after the induction of polymicrobial peritonitis.
Conclusion The vagal nerve is therefore an important modulator of the immune system.
W. Kessler and T. Traeger contributed equally to this work
Best of Forum Papers presented at the Annual Meeting of the German Society of Surgery, 2–5 May 2006, Berlin, Germany 相似文献
8.
9.
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
10.
Prevalence of H pylori associated 'high risk gastritis' for development of gastric cancer in patients with normal endoscopic findings 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Andreas Leodolter Matthias P Ebert Ulrich Peitz Kathlen Wolle Stefan Kahl Peter Malfertheiner 《World journal of gastroenterology : WJG》2006,(34)
INTRODUCTION H pylori infection is an established risk factor for development of gastric cancer[1,2]. According to the model of carcinogenesis of the intestinal type adenocarcinoma proposed by Correa, the multi-step development starts from the condition o… 相似文献