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1.
Imre W.K. Kouw Bart B.L. Groen Joey S.J. Smeets Irene Fleur Kramer Janneau M.X. van Kranenburg Rachél Nilwik Jan A.P. Geurts René H.M. ten Broeke Martijn Poeze Luc J.C. van Loon Lex B. Verdijk 《Journal of the American Medical Directors Association》2019,20(1):35-42
Objectives
Short successive periods of skeletal muscle disuse have been suggested to substantially contribute to the observed loss of skeletal muscle mass over the life span. Hospitalization of older individuals due to acute illness, injury, or major surgery generally results in a mean hospital stay of 5 to 7 days, during which the level of physical activity is strongly reduced. We hypothesized that hospitalization following elective total hip arthroplasty is accompanied by substantial leg muscle atrophy in older men and women.Design and participants
Twenty-six older patients (75 ± 1 years) undergoing elective total hip arthroplasty participated in this observational study.Measurements
On hospital admission and on the day of discharge, computed tomographic (CT) scans were performed to assess muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) of both legs. During surgery and on the day of hospital discharge, a skeletal muscle biopsy was taken from the m. vastus lateralis of the operated leg to assess muscle fiber type–specific CSA.Results
An average of 5.6 ± 0.3 days of hospitalization resulted in a significant decline in quadriceps (?3.4% ± 1.0%) and thigh muscle CSA (?4.2% ± 1.1%) in the nonoperated leg (P < .05). Edema resulted in a 10.3% ± 1.7% increase in leg CSA in the operated leg (P < .05). At hospital admission, muscle fiber CSA was smaller in the type II vs type I fibers (3326 ± 253 μm2 vs 4075 ± 279 μm2, respectively; P < .05). During hospitalization, type I and II muscle fiber CSA tended to increase, likely due to edema in the operated leg (P = .10).Conclusions
Six days of hospitalization following elective total hip arthroplasty leads to substantial leg muscle atrophy in older patients. Effective intervention strategies are warranted to prevent the loss of muscle mass induced by short periods of muscle disuse during hospitalization. 相似文献2.
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Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to study numerical and structural chromosome 1 aberrations in interphase nuclei of transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs) of the urinary bladder. One of the characteristic numerical aberrations, as detected previously in low-grade noninvasive TCCs, included trisomy for chromosome 1 (A. H. N. Hopman et al., Cancer Res., 51: 644-651, 1991). We examined in more detail 22 cases with a centromeric (1q12) and a telomeric associated (1p36) DNA probe and with a library DNA probe from sorted human chromosome 1 in single- and double-target FISH procedures. All flow cytometrically determined DNA diploid TCCs (13 cases), which showed three spots for 1q12 (6 cases), had two spots for 1p36. Since the library DNA probe showed three separate domains in the nuclei of these cases, the additional copy for 1q12 could be explained as an extra chromosome 1p-, containing the 1q12 target. In the flow cytometrically determined DNA tetraploid/aneuploid tumors, the results were more complex. In 6 of 9 cases, we observed an overrepresentation of 1q12 as compared to 1p36, also suggesting the presence of extra copies of 1p- chromosomes. The results of the present study demonstrate the utility of the FISH method to assess structural chromosome aberrations in interphase nuclei of solid tumors. 相似文献
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D. van Riessen M. R. Daha T. J. M. Smeets F. C. Breedveld 《Rheumatology international》1992,12(1):1-5
Summary It has been suggested that the reduced resistance of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to bacterial joint infections may be due in part to polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) function. To obtain further insight into the mechanis that contribute to the increased susceptiblity of RA patients to such infections we investigated the influence of different solid surfaces on the ingestion of various bacterial strains by PMN. Both in the presence and absence of serum, phagocytosis of bacteria by PMN was significantly lower on monolayers of synovial fibroblasts as compared to monolayers of endothelial cells and embryonic fibroblasts. It could be shown that the relative influence of the solid surfac on the results of the phagocytosis assay increased when decreasing concentrations of purified IgG were used. The results of this study sugpurified IgG were used. The results of this study suggested that the effect of synovial fibroblasts on PMB may lead to reduced clearance of bacteria from the joint. 相似文献
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Background: The effects of tailored intervention on multiple behaviors and possible moderators of tailoring effects have not yet been
sufficiently demonstrated.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a computer-tailored intervention on smoking; physical activity;
and fruit, vegetable, and fat intake; and to test potential moderators of the effectiveness (BMI, age, SES, gender, motivation,
and the number of behaviors for which respondents met the recommendations from national guidelines).Methods: Respondents were randomly assigned to a tailored intervention group, receiving one tailored letter on all of these behaviors,
or a control intervention group, receiving one general information letter on all behaviors.Results: Three months after the baseline assessment, the tailored intervention group showed significantly better effects than the
control group for all behaviors studied, except for smoking. Notably, the intervention did not enhance the health behaviors,
but rather reduced a decline in these behaviors during the 3-month study interval. Effect sizes were small. No moderating
factors were found, except for the number of behaviors for which recommendations were met in the tailoring intervention group
on fruit consumption. The largest effects of the tailored intervention were found for fruit in respondents who did not meet
the recommendations for any behavior (Cohen’s d=0.3).Conclusions: A tailored intervention on multiple behaviors had significant, but limited effects when compared to generic information.
The number of bad habits influenced the effects of the tailored intervention on fruit consumption. 相似文献
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A randomized controlled trial of electromagnetic therapy in the primary care management of venous leg ulceration 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
OBJECTIVE: The aim was to establish the potential efficacy, tolerabilityand side-effect profile of electromagnetic therapy as an adjunctto conventional dressings in the treatment of venous leg ulcers. METHOD: A prospective, randomized, double blind controlled clinicaltrial was carried out in a dedicated leg ulcer clinic basedin one urban general practice. Nineteen patients with leg ulcersof confirmed venous aetiology were assessed. The main outcomemeasures were rate and scale of venous leg ulcer healing, changesin patient-reported pain levels, quality of life, degree ofmobility, side effect profile and acceptability to patientsand staff. RESULTS: Sixty-eight per cent of patients attending this dedicated clinicachieved improvements in the size of their ulcer (4, 21%, healedfully) and in reduced pain levels (P < 0.05) during the trial,despite the chronicity of ulcer histories. Patients treatedwith electromagnetic therapy at 800 Hz were found at day 50to have significantly greater healing (P < 0.05) and paincontrol (P < 0.05) than placebo therapy or treatment with600 Hz. All patients reported improved mobility at the end ofthe study. The electromagnetic therapy was well tolerated bypatients, with no differences between groups in reporting adverseevents, and proved acceptable to staff. CONCLUSION: Despite the small numbers in this pilot study, electromagnetictherapy provided significant gains in the healing of venousleg ulcers and reduction in pain. Keywords. Electromagnetic therapy, RCT, leg ulcers, primary care. 相似文献