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排序方式: 共有350条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
YY Ho 《Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology》2005,49(6):445-459
Bone and soft tissue tumours are rare neoplasms. There are five major roles of imaging in the management of primary musculoskeletal tumours, that is, to differentiate between benignity and malignancy, to evaluate for local tumour extension, to screen for metastases, to judge the effect of chemotherapy, and to monitor for recurrence. To accomplish this, multiple modalities are required because no single examination is able to complete all these tasks. These modalities include plain radiography, CT, MRI, conventional nuclear medicine as well as positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Elsewhere, PET imaging has been discussed at length, because it is likely to be superior in the assessment of bone and soft tissue tumours over conventional nuclear medicine procedures. However, conventional nuclear medicine may be of value when PET is unavailable. In this review, an overview of anatomical imaging will be given and the role of non‐PET functional imaging will be discussed in detail. A variety of illustrative cases will be presented. 相似文献
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3.
Christopher W. Theodorakis B. G. Blaylock Lee R. Shugart 《Ecotoxicology (London, England)》1997,6(4):205-218
Female mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) were collected from two sites located on the US Department of Energy's Oak Ridge Reservation that are contaminated with 137Cs, 90Sr, other radionuclides and chemical genotoxicants. Fish from non- radionuclide contaminated environments located off the reservation were also collected. DNA, extracted from liver tissue and blood cells, was examined by gel electrophoresis for structural damage in the form of strand breakage. In general, the level of DNA strand breaks was elevated in fish from radionuclide-contaminated sites with observed differences in the number and type of strand breaks between liver tissue and blood cells. The number of malformed embryos was higher in fish at the contaminated sites, and varied with season. Fecundity was negatively correlated with the level of double strand breaks in the DNA of fish from one contaminated site. Females with broods that included malformed embryos had more DNA strand breakage than those that did not; and furthermore, a threshold effect was observed between the occurrence of malformed embryos and the presence of double strand breaks in the DNA of the mother. These findings have implications for both ecological risk assessment and evolutionary ecology 相似文献
4.
Peroneus quartus muscle: MR imaging features 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
5.
Linkage exclusion and mutational analysis of the noggin gene in patients with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Xu MQ Feldman G Le Merrer M Shugart YY Glaser DL Urtizberea JA Fardeau M Connor JM Triffitt J Smith R Shore EM Kaplan FS 《Clinical genetics》2000,58(4):291-298
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an extremely rare and disabling genetic disorder characterized by congenital malformation of the great toes and by progressive heterotopic endochondral ossification in predictable anatomical patterns. Although elevated levels of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) occur in lymphoblastoid cells and in lesional cells of patients with FOP, mutations have not been identified in the BMP4 gene, suggesting that the mutation in FOP may reside in a BMP4-interacting factor or in another component of the BMP4 pathway. A powerful antagonist of BMP4 is the secreted polypeptide noggin. A recent case report described a heterozygous 42-bp deletion in the protein-coding region of the noggin gene in a patient with FOP. In order to determine if noggin mutations are a widespread finding in FOP, we examined 31 families with 1 or more FOP patients. Linkage analysis with an array of highly polymorphic microsatellite markers closely linked to the noggin gene was performed in four classically-affected multigenerational FOP families and excluded linkage of the noggin locus to FOP (the multipoint lod score was -2 or less throughout the entire range of markers). We sequenced the noggin gene in affected members of all four families, as well as in 18 patients with sporadic FOP, and failed to detect any mutations. Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of 4 of these patients plus an additional 9 patients also failed to reveal any mutations. Among the samples analyzed by SSCP and DNA sequencing was an independently obtained DNA sample from the identical FOP patient previously described with the 42-bp noggin deletion; no mutation was detected. Examination of the DNA sequences of 20 cloned noggin PCR products, undertaken to evaluate the possibility of a somatic mutation in the noggin gene which could be carried by a small subset of white blood cells, also failed to detect the presence of the reported 42-bp deletion. We conclude that mutations in the coding region of noggin are not associated with FOP. 相似文献
6.
Vyshkina T Shugart YY Birnbaum G Leist TP Kalman B 《European journal of human genetics : EJHG》2005,13(2):240-247
Linkage studies in multiple sclerosis (MS) identified several susceptibility loci. One of these regions includes chromosome 17q11 where a meta-analysis of data from three genome scans suggested linkage. This region encodes a cluster of genes for beta-chemokines or CC chemokine ligands (CCLs), which may be involved in the development of MS lesions. Here we aimed to test if CCL alleles and haplotypes are associated with MS. Using methods of linkage and association, we observed deviations from the expected 50% transmission of haplotypes from unaffected parents to their affected children at CCL2, CCL11-CCL8-CCL13 and CCL3 within the investigated 1.85 MB chromosomal segment. Analyses of the linkage disequilibrium map support that variants with possible relevance to MS can be located within these subregions. Identification of MS associated CCL variants may have direct clinical significance, as it can lead to the design of small competitive antagonists of these molecules with beneficial effects in the treatment of patients with early and active disease. 相似文献
7.
止泻散敷脐治疗婴幼儿腹泻100例 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
0 引言 腹泻乃小儿最常见病 ,尤以 2岁以下婴幼儿最为常见 .年龄越小 ,发病率越高 ,且多在夏、秋季发病 .小儿患病后惧怕打针 ,服药以及输液 ,给治疗带来一些困难 . 12 a来 ,我们用自拟的止泻散敷脐治疗婴幼儿泄泻 ,效果良好 .1 对象和方法1.1 对象 1998- 0 6 / 1999- 10婴幼儿腹泻发病高峰期门诊病例 10 0 (男 6 6 ,女 34 )例 ,年龄 2月龄~ 5岁 .肠炎 5 8例 ,单纯消化不良 42例 . 6 7例曾多次治疗 ,33例初诊 .凡接受治疗之患儿 ,一律停止用其他药物 .1.2 方法 药物组成 :川椒 12 g,干姜 12 g,小茴香 12 g,白芷 2 0 g,吴茱萸 5 g,… 相似文献
8.
Multipoint interval mapping (MIM) and the MAPMAKER/SIBS program (M/S) are two methods of mapping quantitative loci by examining identity by descent (IBD) sharing in a region spanned by multiple microsatellite DNA markers. For the purpose of comparison, we simulated a quantitative trait controlled by a two-locus model, and evaluated the power and genome-wide false positive rate of both approaches. Based on our simulation, we examined the effects of marker density (5 cM, 10 cM and 20 cM) and sibship size (2, 3, 4 and 5) on the power to detect linkage. Our results indicate that a 10 cM map provides the optimal trade-off between power and type I error, and that the power of MIM increases with sibship size and, in general, performs better than MAPMAKER/SIBS. Furthermore, we conclude that using a reasonable sample of randomly ascertained sibships, it is possible to map a quantitative trait locus (QTL) which accounts for 25% of the phenotypic variance. 相似文献
9.
Zhang JD Cao YB Xu Z Sun HH An MM Yan L Chen HS Gao PH Wang Y Jia XM Jiang YY 《第二军医大学学报》2006,27(6):664-664
Antifungal activity of natural products is being studied widely. Saponins are known to be antifungal and antibacterial. We have isolated eight steroid saponins from Tribulus terrestris L. , namely TTS-8, TTS-9, TTS-10, TTS-11, TTS-12, TTS-13, TTS-14 and TTS-15. TTS-12 and TTS-15 were identified as tigogenin-3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→ 2)-[-β-D-xylopyranosyl( 1 → 3 ) 3-β- D-glucopyranosyl ( 1 → 4 )- 1- α-L-rhamnopyranosyl ( 1 → 2 ) 3-β-D-galactopyranoside and tigogenin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranpyranosyl(1→2)-[-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→ 3)3-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside, respectively. The in vitro antifungal activities of the eight saponins against six fluconazole-resistant yeasts, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida para psilosis , Candida tropicalis , Candida krusei , and Cryptococcus neo f ormans were studied using microbroth dilution assay. The results showed that TTS-12 and TTS-15 were very effective against several pathogenic candidal species and C. neoformans in vitro. It is noteworthy that TTS-12 and TTS-15 were very active against fluconazole-resistant C. albicans (MIC80 = 4.4, 9.4 mg/ml), C. neoformans (MIC80 =10.7, 18.7 mg/ml) and inherently resistant C. krusei (MIC80 =8.8, 18.4 mg/ml). So in vivo activity of TTS-12 in a vaginal infection model with fluconazole-resistant C. albicans was studied in particular. Our studies revealed TTS-12 also showed in vivo activities against fluconazole-resistant yeasts. In conclusion, steroid saponins TTS-12 and TTS-15 from Tribulus terrestris L. have significant in vitro antifungal activity against fluconazole-resistant fungi, especially TTS-12 also showed in vivo activity against fluconazole-resistant C. albicans. 相似文献
10.
The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the predictors of a positive bone scan in female patients with breast carcinoma. The participants were 126 females with newly diagnosed breast carcinoma and a baseline bone scan. Patients who had started treatment before their bone scan were excluded. Bone scans were assessed as ‘no metastases’ or ‘definite skeletal metastases’ without knowledge of the patient's predictor variables. Those with ‘possible metastases’ were correlated with other available imaging and clinical information, and recategorized as ‘no metastases’ or ‘definite skeletal metastases’. Results were compared with predictor variables. Significant predictors were increasing age, a higher histopathological grading and positive progesterone receptor status following a forward-stepwise logistic regression analysis. Axillary nodal status, tumour size and oestrogen receptor status did not correlate with a positive bone scan. Not every patient needs a staging bone scan. This study is important because it predicts the need for baseline scintigraphy for specific patients in whom skeletal metastases are more likely to be present or to develop. The findings are particularly valuable in times of worldwide resource scarcity and evolving surgical practice. 相似文献