Variation in sorbitol accumulation and polyol-pathway activity in cultured human proximal tubule cells.

The polyol pathway is present in tissues of several organs where its activation may participate in the development of diabetic complications. We measured the accumulation of polyol-pathway intermediates in HPT cells isolated from 21 different human kidneys from nondiabetic individuals. When exposed to 27.5 mM glucose in the growth media, cells isolated from approximately 75% of individuals (accumulators) accumulated sorbitol within 1-4 days, whereas 25% (nonaccumulators) accumulated only negligible amounts, even when the period of exposure was extended to 2 wk. Surprisingly, measurement of the activities of the polyol-pathway enzymes showed no difference in the levels of either AR or SDH between accumulators and nonaccumulators, even when the conversion of galactose to galactitol was used to measure AR activity in intact cells independently of SDH. Measurement of sorbitol in the growth media indicated that nonaccumulators were not releasing sorbitol into the growth media. Fructose levels in the conditioned growth media were 4 times higher in the sorbitol-accumulating cells. Together, these results indicate that the tendency of cells from an individual to accumulate significant amounts of sorbitol may reflect the cells' ability to metabolize sorbitol in steps subsequent to the polyol pathway.     

Prefabrication of bone by vascular induction: an experimental study in rabbits.

The various methods of prefabricating flaps include vascular induction through staged transfer; pretransfer delay, expansion, and grafting; the use of alloplastic materials; and tissue bioengineering. In this experimental study, vascular induction was used to provide an axial vascular pedicle to randomly nourished tissue. Twenty-six New Zealand rabbits, ages and weights ranging between 6 months-1 year and 1.5-3.5 kg, respectively, were used. The sex difference was not considered. The deep inferior epigastric artery and vein were used to carry blood and were placed into a segment of femur to prefabricate the bone. Four weeks later, the viability of the segment of bone prefabricated by new axial pedicle was shown by scintigraphic study, and the new axial pedicle was ready for free transfer.     

Eminectomy for the treatment of chronic subluxation and recurrent dislocation of the temporomandibular joint and a new method of patient evaluation.

We have performed this technique bilaterally on 39 patients with chronic subluxation and 13 patients with recurrent dislocation since 1985 and have had good results with patient satisfaction. These patients had significantly higher articular eminences than normal control individuals. Also, we have used echography as a new application of an old technique, to evaluate the patients objectively in the preoperative and postoperative periods.     

Mechanism of factor VIII inactivation by human antibodies. III. Proteolytic cleavage of factor VIII:C and C antigen by thrombin

Thrombin activation of factor VIII results in a marked, but transient, increase in factor VIII procoagulant activity. This proteolytic process has been examined by immobilizing factor VIII in a solid phase system using mouse monoclonal antibody specific for the factor VIII related antigen. These studies demonstrate that thrombin activation is the result of proteolytic cleavage from the factor VIII:C protein of a peptide fragment which contains both the factor VIII:C procoagulant and VIII:C antigen sites recognized by human antibodies.     

Dorsal adipofascial turn-over flap for fingertip amputations

We designed a dorsal adipofascial pedicled flap to cover amputations of the tip of the same digit. This flap includes all the adipofascial tissues from the dermis to the paratenon of the extensor tendons. After elevation of the skin, the adipofascial tissues are raised as a flap and turned over to resurface the exposed bone or joint and then covered with a split thickness skin graft. Ten digital amputations between the distal phalanx proximal to the nail matrix and the mid portion of the middle phalanx were successfully resurfaced with dorsal adipofascial turn-over flaps. All flaps survived completely and the mean follow-up was 11 months. This one-step procedure would seem to be a relatively simple way of achieving early recovery because it does not require the use of distant flaps immobilization of adjacent digits, or homodigital flaps that might jeopardize an already injured finger.     

GC-MS分析四数九里香的挥发油成分

目的 研究四数九里香挥发油的成分.方法 采用GC-MS法分析四数九里香的挥发油成分.结果与结论 从四数九里香挥发油中分离出38个组分,确认了其中的37种,主要成分为薄荷酮(53%)、异薄荷酮(14.45%)、柠檬烯(13.21%)和胡椒酮(7.96%),其中15个成分为首次从四数九里香中分离得到.     

Diabetic lipoprotein deficient serum: Its effect in low density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake and degradation by fibroblasts

Low density lipoproteins (LDL) isolated from poorly controlled diabetic patients are known to be taken up and degraded by fibroblasts at a lower rate than LDL isolated from normal subjects. This aberrant metabolic behavior has been attributed to a diabetic-related abnormality in LDL composition yet to be characterized. The studies reported in this article show that the decrease in uptake and intracellular degradation of LDL from diabetic patients is further enhanced when the cells are exposed to lipoprotein deficient serum (LPDS) isolated from the same poorly controlled diabetic patients. Comparative studies of the composition of LPDS obtained from normal donors and poorly controlled diabetic patients showed an increase in saturated and total unesterified fatty acids (UFA), lecithin, apolipoprotein A1, and immunoreactive insulin in the LPDS from diabetic patients. We postulate that exposure of cells to LPDS obtained from poorly controlled diabetic patients may induce changes in the composition of the fibroblast membrane and alter its fluidity, leading to further decrease in the uptake and degradation of LDL. During poor diabetic control, cell membrane changes, and modification of LDL composition are likely to act either additively or synergistically to induce an abnormal LDL-cell interaction. This abnormal interaction may be a relevant factor to explain the greater incidence of arteriosclerosis in diabetes mellitus.     

儿童外伤性胰腺炎13 例报告

目的：探讨儿童外伤性胰腺炎的临床特点及诊治方法。 方法：回顾性分析2003年1月—2011年12月收治的13例外伤性胰腺炎患儿的临床资料。 结果：13例患儿中,男8例,女5例;年龄5~12（7.22±3.54）岁。病因包括腹部钝挫伤7例,车祸伤4例,坠落伤2例,均为腹部闭合性损伤。9例胰腺I级损伤（2例合并肝挫伤）和3例II级损伤均采用抗感染、禁食、胃肠减压、全静脉营养,抑酶等保守治疗,其中4例出院1~2个月后并发胰腺假性囊肿,1例经对症治疗自行吸收,3例行囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术（其中1例腹腔镜下探查拟镜下吻合未成功中转开腹）;1例胰腺III级损伤（合并脾挫伤）行腹腔镜下腹腔引流术,术后1个月并发胰腺假性囊肿,行腹腔镜探查,囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术。所有患儿均治愈。 结论：儿童外伤性胰腺炎应根据胰腺损伤程度不同采取不同治疗方法。腹腔镜下腹腔引流术是治疗儿童III级外伤性胰腺炎的有效方法之一,但与腹腔镜下胰腺假性囊肿空肠吻合术一样仍需要进一步探索与总结。     

Posttransplant diabetes mellitus in renal transplant patients with hepatitis C virus

The aim of this study was to assess the possible association between posttransplant diabetes mellitus (DM) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in renal transplant recipients. This study included 124 patients who underwent renal transplantation between 1997 and 2002. Inclusion criteria were patients who were not diabetic prior to transplantation and posttransplant follow-up longer than 6 months. DM was defined as fasting blood glucose levels higher than 126 mg/dL on at least two occasions. HCV infection was detected using second- or third-generation ELISA methods and/or polymerase chain reactions for HCV-RNA. Twenty-five HCV positive (HCV+) patients were compared with 25 consecutive HCV negative (HCV-) transplant patients. Demographic and clinical data of the groups were compared. Posttransplantation DM was observed in 24% of the HCV+ patients. There were no statistical differences in age, gender, race, family history of DM, follow-up, or body mass index between the two groups. There was a higher prevalence of posttransplantation DM in HCV+ patients, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (24% vs 12%, P = NS). Alternatively, comparing patients of the two groups (n = 50) who did versus not develop DM, the incidence of posttransplantation DM was higher among HCV+ patients, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (66.6% vs 46.3%, P = NS). In conclusion, there was no association between HCV infection and the development of posttransplantation DM in this cohort of renal transplant recipients. However, there was a trend that suggested an association.     

指侧方静脉动脉化再植末节断指

目的：探讨指侧方静脉动脉化再植末节断指的疗效。方法2007年3月至2012年4月,收治末节断指患者34例,均在正常指动脉多次吻合失败后行静脉动脉化。20例采用指侧方静脉动脉化再植,将近端指动脉与远端指侧方静脉吻合（A组）;14例采用指腹静脉动脉化再植,用近端指动脉与远端指腹静脉吻合（B组）。结果 A组患者末节断指全部成活,创面均Ⅰ期愈合;B组中有4例坏死。本组中有27例随访6～14个月（A组18例,B组9例）。 A组再植末节断指指腹饱满,指体无明显萎缩,B组指体轻度萎缩;A组指甲长度（15.6±2.7） mm,长于B组（11.9±2.2） mm;A组DIPJ活动度（62±4）°,大于B组（45±3）°;A组两点分辨觉（4.6±0.3） mm,小于B组（7.4±0.6） mm;A组再植断指感觉测定为S（3.49±0.33）,高于B组S（2.47±0.44）;手指各关节活动度参照TAM标准：A组优良率94.4%,B组优良率87.5%,两组优良率比较差异无统计学意义（P=0.534）。结论指侧方静脉动脉化是正常供血失败后的末节断指再植的有效方法。