Abdominal Stab Wounds in Children: an 18-Year Experience

Objective: Evaluation of the diagnosis, management, and the role of selective treatment in children with abdominal stab wounds. Patients and Methods: 59 children (56 male and three female) were included in the study. The patients' median age was 11.8 years (range, 5–14 years). Time between injury and admission was about 3 h. Laparotomy was performed in 44 patients (74%). Solid organ injury was detected in 32 of these patients (73%) and could not be observed in twelve (27%). 15 patients (26%) were treated conservatively, and only one (6.6%) underwent laparotomy during the follow-up. The stomach was the most frequently injured organ (ten patients), followed by the intestines (nine patients). Types of surgical treatment were as follows: primary suture in 28 patients, resection-anastomosis in three, and osteotomy in two. Results: Some prognostic factors such as presence of abdominal organ evisceration and pneumoperitoneum were not significantly correlated with intraabdominal organ injury, whereas some other risk factors such as acute abdomen on admission (p < 0.002) or abdominal clinical and hemodynamic findings (p < 0.001) showed significant correlation with intraabdominal organ injury. The relative risk (odds ratio) of developing an intraabdominal organ injury was > 2 for patients with signs of an acute abdomen on admission. Postoperative complications were observed in five patients with organ injuries. None of our patients died. Conclusions: Conservative treatment can be safely performed in most children with abdominal stab injuries. Signs of major internal hemorrhage or generalized peritonitis are an absolute indication for emergency operation for abdominal stab wounds. Peritoneal penetrations, free air on the abdominal X-ray, and omental or intestinal evisceration are poor indicators of significant organ injuries, and patients presenting these signs shold be closely followed up for developing acute abdominal symptoms. Received: November 2, 2001; revision accepted: February 15, 2002     

Serum lipid levels in psoriasis

A predisposition to occlusive vascular diseases has been reported in patients with psoriasis and it has been suggested that some of these patients have some disorders of lipid metabolism. In this study, serum lipid levels were investigated in psoriatic patients to explore to the knowledge of this relationship. One hundred psoriatic patients and 100 non- psoriatic controls were included in the study. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol), and very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-cholesterol) levels were measured. In patients with psoriasis, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels were found to be significantly higher than those of controls. No significant differences were found in the other parameters. We concluded that psoriatic patients should be evaluated and followed up for the risk of hyperlipidemia and obstructive vascular diseases.     

The nuclear jet and counterjet region of the radio galaxy Cygnus A

Very-long-baseline interferometry images of the nuclear region of the radio galaxy Cygnus A reveal a pronounced "core" and a knotty jet and counterjet. The knots are moving away from the core at apparent speeds which are subluminal for h = 1 [h = H0/100 km.s-1.Mpc-1;1 parsec (pc) = 3.09 x 10(16)m] and about c for h = 0.5. The jet is aligned with the outer, kiloparsec-scale jet to within 2 degrees. The counterjet has a total flux density at 5 GHz of about one-fifth of that of the jet. In the context of the twin relativistic jet model for active galactic nuclei, the jet in Cygnus A is oriented at an angle to our line of sight of 35-80 degrees and 55-85 degrees, and the intrinsic velocity of the jet fluid is 0.4-0.6c and 0.6-1c for h = 1 and h = 0.5, respectively.     

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: brain stem involvement in a peculiar pattern

The most common pattern in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, is in the cerebral hemisphere white matter on T2-weighted images with or without atrophy. Brain-stem lesions are rare. We report brain-stem involvement in two children with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. A peculiar pattern, with involvement of the pons with extension to both middle cerebellar peduncles and substantia nigra but sparing the pontine tegmentum, is suggested. Received: 10 January 2000/Accepted: 18 April 2000     

Intraosseous lipoma of the frontal bone. A case report

Intraosseous lipomas are among the most uncommon bone tumors. They arise most often in the appendicular skeleton. There are very few reported cases of intraosseous lipomas within the skull bones. We report a case of intraosseous lipoma of the frontal bone with conventional radiography and CT findings.     

Challenges in treatment and diagnosis of forgotten/encrusted double-J ureteral stents: the largest single-center experience

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the endourologic management of forgotten and/or encrusted ureteral stents together with our single-center experience.

Materials and methods: Fifty-four patients with forgotten double-J ureteral stents were treated in our center between January 2008 and March 2014. Encrustation and the related stone burdens were estimated by using computerized tomography and kidney–ureter–bladder radiography. The management method was chosen based on the stone burden or clinical and radiological findings.

Results: Fifty-four patients, 39 males and 15 females, were included in the study. The average age of the patients was 38.2?±?25.06 (2–86) years. The average indwelling time of the ureteral stents was 22.6?±?30.3 (6–144) months. Six of the patients with forgotten stents had solitary kidneys. The double-J stent (DJS) was fragmented in four (7.4%) patients. A urinary system infection was present in 15 (27.7%) of the patients. The ureteral stents and related stones were successfully removed without any complications by combined endourologic techniques to achieve a stone-free state in all patients except for patient with 110 months of forgotten stent time in whom nephrectomy was performed for a nonfunctioning kidney related to the forgotten stent.

Conclusions: Forgotten/encrusted DJS may lead to complications in a range of urinary system infections, up to a loss of renal function. They can be safely and successfully removed, and the renal function can be preserved by endourologic techniques, starting with the least invasive procedures in centers highly experienced.     

Prevalence and significance of MEFV gene mutations in patients with gouty arthritis

Gouty arthritis is a chronic erosive autoinflammatory disease. Pyrin has anti-inflammatory effects in the regulation of inflammasome and is encoded by the MEFV gene. The relationship between different rheumatic diseases and the MEFV gene mutations was demonstrated. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of MEFV gene mutations in patients with gouty arthritis and identify a possible correlation with disease phenotype. Ninety-three patients with gouty arthritis and 102 healthy controls, compatible with age, gender and ethnicity, were included in the study. MEFV gene mutations were investigated by PCR method. Out of 93 patients with gouty arthritis, 36 (38.7 %) showed MEFV gene mutations carriage, whereas 20.6 % in healthy control group. Distribution of mutations identified in patients with gouty arthritis was as; R202Q in 18 (19.3 %), E148Q in 5 (5.4 %), K695R in 4 (4.3 %), M680I in 2 (2.1 %), V726A in 2 (2.1 %), P369S in 2 (2.1 %), R408Q in 2 (2.1 %), M694 V in 1 (1.1 %), respectively. Three patients were identified with compound heterozygosity. Distribution of MEFV gene mutations carriage in healthy controls was; E148Q in 11 (10.7 %), M694 V in 2 (1.9 %), M694I in 1 (0.9 %), M680I in 2 (1.9 %), V726A in 1 (0.9 %), A744S in 1 (0.9 %), K695R in 2 (1.9 %), and P369S in 1 (0.9 %) patients, respectively. Higher MEFV gene mutations carrier frequency was observed in patients with gouty arthritis, compared with the control group (p = 0.009). Heterozygous R202Q was the most common mutation detected in patients with gouty arthritis, while heterozygous E148Q in healthy control group. Statistically significant difference was not detected between clinical findings of gouty arthritis and the MEFV gene mutations (p > 0.05). We determined higher prevalence of MEFV gene mutations in patients with gouty arthritis compared with the healthy control group. The most frequently detected mutation was heterozygous R202Q, whereas E148Q in healthy controls. High carriage rates of MEFV gene mutations in gouty arthritis suggest that it may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease and predisposition to the disease.     

Hepatic involvement of disseminated actinomycosis

A 35-year-old woman was admitted for weight loss, fatigue, and epigastric and back pain. She had undergone uterine myomectomy 6 weeks previously, and light microscopic examination revealed actinomycosis. Radiologic examination showed 5×4×4 cm and 2×2×2 cm solid lesions in the left liver lobe. Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy could not exclude the possibility of malignancy. We decided to perform an explorative laparotomy. Frozen sections indicatedEchinococcus alveolaris infection or granulomatous inflammatory disease, and left hepatic lobectomy was performed. Histologic examination revealed hepatic actinomycosis. After 6 months' penicillin treatment, there was no sign of recurrence. This case of hepatic actinomycosis following uterine infection without gross involvement of any other abdominal organ raises questions on the dissemination pathway. The other interesting feature of this case is the short interval from the presumed initiatory event to the presence of the hepatic deposits.