全文获取类型
收费全文 | 10461篇 |
免费 | 816篇 |
国内免费 | 46篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 83篇 |
儿科学 | 179篇 |
妇产科学 | 134篇 |
基础医学 | 1321篇 |
口腔科学 | 373篇 |
临床医学 | 1076篇 |
内科学 | 2354篇 |
皮肤病学 | 264篇 |
神经病学 | 1057篇 |
特种医学 | 866篇 |
外科学 | 1613篇 |
综合类 | 61篇 |
一般理论 | 8篇 |
预防医学 | 471篇 |
眼科学 | 191篇 |
药学 | 616篇 |
中国医学 | 14篇 |
肿瘤学 | 642篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 21篇 |
2023年 | 155篇 |
2022年 | 336篇 |
2021年 | 575篇 |
2020年 | 281篇 |
2019年 | 440篇 |
2018年 | 499篇 |
2017年 | 384篇 |
2016年 | 410篇 |
2015年 | 476篇 |
2014年 | 561篇 |
2013年 | 659篇 |
2012年 | 969篇 |
2011年 | 886篇 |
2010年 | 503篇 |
2009年 | 479篇 |
2008年 | 631篇 |
2007年 | 574篇 |
2006年 | 485篇 |
2005年 | 405篇 |
2004年 | 376篇 |
2003年 | 326篇 |
2002年 | 251篇 |
2001年 | 67篇 |
2000年 | 47篇 |
1999年 | 42篇 |
1998年 | 54篇 |
1997年 | 41篇 |
1996年 | 23篇 |
1995年 | 22篇 |
1994年 | 25篇 |
1993年 | 17篇 |
1992年 | 20篇 |
1991年 | 22篇 |
1990年 | 16篇 |
1989年 | 23篇 |
1988年 | 14篇 |
1987年 | 14篇 |
1986年 | 18篇 |
1985年 | 14篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 12篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 11篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1977年 | 14篇 |
1973年 | 12篇 |
1971年 | 13篇 |
1967年 | 11篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Sarah Hallas Andrea Nelson Susan O'Meara Una Adderley Pauline Meskell Jane Nixon Aonghus O'Loughlin Sebastian Probst Wael Tawfick Thomas Wild Georgina Gethin 《Journal of tissue viability》2021,30(3):317-323
BackgroundA venous leg ulcer is a chronic leg wound caused by poor venous blood circulation in the lower limbs. It is a recurring condition causing pain, malodour, reduced mobility, and depression. Randomised controlled trials evaluating treatments for venous leg ulcers provide important evidence to inform clinical decision-making. However, for findings to be useful, outcomes need to be clinically meaningful, consistently reported across trials, and fully reported. Research has identified the large number of outcomes reported in venous leg ulcer trials, impacting both synthesis of results, and clinical decision-making. To address this, a core outcome set will be developed. A core outcome set is an agreed standardised set of outcomes which should be, as a minimum, measured and reported in all trials which evaluate treatment effectiveness for a given indication. A core outcome set has the potential to reduce research waste, improve the utility of RCTs, reduce reporting bias, facilitate treatment comparisons across different sources of evidence and expedite the production of systematic reviews, meta-analyses and evidence-based clinical guidelines.AimThe aim of this project is to develop a core outcome set for research evaluating the effectiveness of interventions for treating venous leg ulceration.MethodsThrough a scoping review of the literature on venous leg ulceration, we will firstly identify a list of candidate outcome domains (broad categories in relation to what is being measured) from randomised controlled trials and qualitative research, and outcomes (specific methods in relation to what is being measured). In two further stages, we will use the resulting lists of outcome domains and outcomes to design two online surveys. A range of stakeholders will be invited to participate in the surveys and they will be asked to indicate which outcome domains and outcomes are most important and should be considered as core in future research reports. 相似文献
2.
Laura Heil Laura Maltry Sebastian Lehmann Daniel Heil Christoph Lehmann Stefan Kopp 《Cranio : the journal of craniomandibular practice》2021,39(1):35-46
ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) on linked cranial and caudal structures. Methods: Thirty-five (14f/21m) subjects participated in this study: 15 subjects (9f, 6m) pre- and post- TKA and a control group of 20 subjects (5f, 15m). The measurements included: jaw condyle position and movement, back scan, plantar pressure distribution, and body sway. Results: There were no significant differences in electronic position analysis of the jaw; however, the protrusion of the TKA group improved (p = 0.001). The test group had a more anteriorly inclined thoracic spine and a less pronounced lumbar lordosis. Before and after surgery, the body sway in the test group was larger. Conclusion: The TKA affected most prominently the static mechanisms of the postural control and the spine position. The trajectories of the mandible during protrusion also changed slightly. 相似文献
3.
Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy is based on the exposure of biological tissues to low‐level laser light (coherent light) or light‐emitting diodes (LEDs; noncoherent light), leading to the modulation of cellular functions, such as proliferation and migration, which result in tissue regeneration. PBM therapy has important clinical applications in regenerative medicine. Vitiligo is an acquired depigmentary disorder resulting from disappearance of functional melanocytes in the involved skin. Vitiligo repigmentation depends on available melanocytes derived from (a) melanocyte stem cells located in the bulge area of hair follicles and (b) the epidermis at the lesional borders, which contains a pool of functional melanocytes. Since follicular melanoblasts (MBs) are derived from the melanocyte stem cells residing at the bulge area of hair follicle, the process of vitiligo repigmentation presents a research model for studying the regenerative effect of PBM therapy. Previous reports have shown favourable response for treatment of vitiligo with a low‐energy helium‐neon (He‐Ne) laser. This review focuses on the molecular events that took place during the repigmentation process of vitiligo triggered by He‐Ne laser (632.8 nm, red light). Monochromatic radiation in the visible and infrared A (IRA) range sustains matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), improves mitochondrial function, and increases adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis and O2 consumption, which lead to cellular regenerative pathways. Cytochrome c oxidase in the mitochondria was reported to be the photoacceptor upon which He‐Ne laser exerts its effects. Mitochondrial retrograde signalling is responsible for the cellular events by red light. This review shows that He‐Ne laser initiated mitochondrial retrograde signalling via a Ca2+‐dependent cascade. The impact on cytochrome c oxidase within the mitochondria, an event that results in activation of CREB (cyclic‐AMP response element binding protein)‐related cascade, is responsible for the He‐Ne laser promoting functional development at different stages of MBs and boosting functional melanocytes. He‐Ne laser irradiation induced (a) melanocyte stem cell differentiation; (b) immature outer root sheath MB migration; (c) differentiated outer root sheath MB melanogenesis and migration; and (d) perilesional melanocyte migration and proliferation. These photobiomodulation effects result in perifollocular and marginal repigmentation in vitiligo. 相似文献
4.
Sebastian Mondaca Walid K. Chatila David Bates Jaclyn F. Hechtman Andrea Cercek Neil H. Segal Zsofia K. Stadler Anna M. Varghese Ritika Kundra Marinela Capanu Jinru Shia Nikolaus Schultz Leonard Saltz Rona Yaeger 《Clinical colorectal cancer》2019,18(1):e39-e52
Background
Treatment of advanced anal squamous cell cancer (SCC) is usually with the combination of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil, which is associated with heterogeneous responses across patients and significant toxicity. We examined the safety and efficacy of a modified schedule, FOLFCIS (leucovorin, fluorouracil, and cisplatin), and performed an integrated clinical and genomic analysis of anal SCC.Patients and Methods
We reviewed all patients with advanced anal SCC receiving first-line FOLFCIS chemotherapy – essentially a FOLFOX (leucovorin, fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin) schedule with cisplatin substituted for oxaliplatin – in our institution between 2007 and 2017, and performed deep sequencing to identify genomic markers of response and key genomic drivers.Results
Fifty-three patients with advanced anal SCC (48 metastatic; 5 unresectable, locally advanced) received first-line FOLFCIS during this period; all were platinum-naive. The response rate was 48% (95% confidence interval [CI], 32.6%-63%). With a median follow-up of 41.6 months, progression-free survival and overall survival were 7.1 months (95% CI, 4.4-8.6 months) and 22.1 months (95% CI, 16.9-28.1 months), respectively. Among all patients with advanced anal SCC that underwent sequencing during the study period, the most frequent genomic alterations consisted of chromosome 3q amplification (51%) and mutations in PIK3CA (29%) and KMT2D (22%). No genomic alteration correlated with response to platinum-containing treatment. Although there were few cases, patients with human papillomavirus-negative anal SCC did not appear to benefit from FOLFCIS, and all harbored distinct genomic profiles with TP53, TERT promoter, and CDKN2A mutations.Conclusions
FOLFCIS appears effective and safe as first-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced anal SCC and represents an alternative treatment option for these patients. 相似文献5.
Sebastian Bonner Thomas Matte Mitchell Rubin Joanne K Fagan Jennifer Ahern David Evans 《The Journal of asthma》2006,43(1):31-35
Although studies have documented underuse of controller medications and overuse of short-acting inhaled ss(2)-agonist among children with persistent asthma in disadvantaged communities, the persistence of oral ss(2)-agonist use in pediatric practice has not been studied since inhaled short-acting ss(2)-agonists became widespread. We describe medications used to treat asthma among children 3 to 5 years of age at 10 Head Start and other subsidized preschool centers in East and Central Harlem, New York City. We interviewed 149 parents/guardians of children who were identified as having probable asthma based on physician's diagnosis, persistent symptoms, hospitalization, and medication use. We classified 86 of the 149 children (58%) as having current persistent asthma. Only 15 of them (17%) were reported to have used controller medications at least 5 days/week in the last 4 weeks-only 2 of whom used inhaled corticosteroids. By contrast, 53 children (62%) used oral ss(2)-agonist in the last 4 weeks, often (72%) in conjunction with nebulized or inhaled short-acting ss(2)-agonist. Use of oral ss(2)-agonist was associated with more severe symptoms. This study documents the continued widespread use of oral ss(2)-agonist for treatment of children in a low-income community with high prevalence of asthma. 相似文献
6.
7.
The authors report a case of massive Trichuris trichiura infection, resulting in severe anaemia and congestive cardiac failure in a 9-year-old Iban boy, who was resistant to the usual oral anthelmintic treatment, but promptly responded to mebendazole retention enema. This patient also had an associated Entamoeba histolytica infection. 相似文献
8.
Thromboembolic and inflammatory complications of knee joint alloplasty with cemented endoprostheses]
Edward Golec Sebastian Nowak Jaros?aw Wi?niowski Maciej Piatkowski 《Chirurgia narzadów ruchu i ortopedia polska》2004,69(5):315-319
In the presented paper the authors evaluate the long-term results of treatment for inflammatory and thromboembolic complications in knee joint alloplasty with cemented endoprostheses. The clinical material spanning the years 1998-2003 are 15 patients with analysed complications, it determine 9% of all operated. They have evaluated achieved results using the HSS knee rating scale in their own modification. As far as the authors are concerned, venographic examination is a prerequisite for appropriate care of the patients following knee joint alloplasty who might have deep venous thrombosis. It is necessary to provide similar treatment when developing infections are suspected in the perioperative period and in cases of late infections. Consequently, antibiotic therapy and a possible quick bacteriological checkup for healing a postoperative wound is a prerequisite for successful treatment. Achieved results induce statement, that thromboembolic and inflammatory complications caused at most operated chronic vein insufficiency, deficit of range of motion at operated joint and gait insufficiency. Thromboembolic complications was always related with inflammation of knee joint alloplasty in our own material. 相似文献
9.
Sebastian Walter Burkhard Micheel Reinhard Pabst Jürgen Westermann 《European journal of immunology》1995,25(5):1199-1205
Lymphocytes continuously migrate through the body, and their efficient extravasation from the blood via high endothelial venules (HEV) is essential for initiating an appropriate immune response. Most investigations have focused on the lymphocyte/HEV interaction in vitro. However, to what extent such systems reflect the situation in vivo is not known. It is also unclear whether lymphocyte subsets immigrate into the HEV in proportion to their presence in the blood, and whether import capacity is limited by the HEV. When rat mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes were incubated in vitro on cryostat sections, the well-known preferential binding of B lymphocytes to HEV of Peyer's patches (PP) and T cells to HEV of axillary lymph nodes (axLN) was observed (axLN vs. PP: B lymphocytes 21.2 ± 5.0% vs. 40.6 ± 11.0%, T lymphocytes 84.6 ± 6.3% vs. 56.5 ± 12.9%). However, when labeled mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes were injected and their location within the HEV was analyzed 15 min later, no preferential interaction was seen. After injection of labeled thoracic duct lymphocytes, the percentage of labeled cells among B and T lymphocytes in the blood was significantly different (4.4 ± 0.9% vs. 8.9 ± 3.6%), whereas that in HEV of axLN (19.0 ± 6.4% vs. 16.6 ± 6.0%) and PP (30.6 ± 6.1% vs. 33.9 ± 4.4%) was comparable. Although the number of injected lymphocytes was similar in magnitude to the total blood lymphocyte pool, after injection there was no increase in lymphocyte numbers in the HEV. Thus, the adhesion assay in vitro does not completely reflect immigration into HEV in vivo. In addition, our data suggest that both the availability of lymphocyte subsets in small venules and the immigration rate into HEV are actively regulated in vivo. 相似文献
10.
Peritoneal morphology in children treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Fritz Schneble Klaus-Eugen Bonzel Rüdiger Waldherr Sebastian Bachmann Helga Roth Karl Schärer 《Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)》1992,6(6):542-546
Fifty peritoneal biopsies (PB) from 35 patients with end-stage renal disease, treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and aged 2 months to 18 years, were examined by light microscopy (n=50) and/or scanning electron microscopy. PB were performed during surgical procedures immediately before the start of, during, or after the cessation of CAPD treatment. PB from 15 children without renal disease undergoing laparatomy were examined similarly. Before the start of CAPD, a scarcity and shortening of the mesothelial microvilli was observed by scanning electron microscopy. During and after CAPD, variable alterations of mesothelium, interstitium and capillaries were found. The mesothelial layer was absent in all 5 PB obtained during episodes of active peritonitis. In patients treated by CAPD for longer than 6 months, mesothelial denudation was observed more frequently (6/11) than in children treated for shorter periods (1/7) (P<0.08). Fibrosis of the peritoneal membrane was present in about 50% of patients during or after the cessation of CAPD without impairment of peritoneal function. No correlation was found between the presence of fibrosis and the frequency of peritonitis or the duration of CAPD treatment. 相似文献