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1.
PURPOSE: Concern over stigma as a consequence of genetic testing has grown in response to the recent increase in genetic research and testing resulting from the Human Genome Project. However, whether a genetic or hereditary basis necessarily confers a stigma to a condition remains unexamined. METHODS: We performed a qualitative interview study with 86 individuals with one of four conditions: deafness or hearing loss, breast cancer, sickle cell disease, and cystic fibrosis. The first two groups were divided approximately between people who ascribed their conditions to a genetic or hereditary cause and those who did not. RESULTS: Respondents interpreted genetic or hereditary causes and nongenetic causes in a variety of ways. Subjects with breast cancer reported the most consistently negative interpretation of genetic cause. This response concerned future ill health, not an enduring sense of stigma. Deaf and hard of hearing subjects provided the most consistently positive comments about a genetic or hereditary basis to their condition, casting familial hearing loss as a vital component of group and individual identity. Respondents with sickle cell disease and cystic fibrosis offered similar and positive interpretations of the genetic cause of their condition insofar as it meant their conditions were not contagious. CONCLUSIONS: Although some subjects report feeling stigmatized as a result of their condition, this stigmatization is not uniformly associated with the condition's cause, genetic or otherwise. Instead, stigma emerges from a variety of sources in the context of the lived experience of a particular condition. 相似文献
2.
A prospective study of diet quality and mortality in women 总被引:15,自引:1,他引:14
Context Most studies of diet and health care have focused on the role of single nutrients, foods, or food groups in disease prevention or promotion. Few studies have addressed the health effects of dietary patterns, which include complex mixtures of foods containing multiple nutrients and nonnutrients. Objective To examine the association of mortality with a multifactorial diet quality index. Design and Setting Data from phase 2 (1987-1989) of a prospective cohort study of breast cancer screening, the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project, with a median follow-up of 5.6 years. Participants A total of 42,254 women (mean age, 61.1 years) who completed the food frequency questionnaire portion of the survey. Main Outcome Measure All-cause mortality by quartile of Recommended Food Score (RFS; the sum of the number of foods recommended by current dietary guidelines [fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy, and lean meats and poultry] that were reported on the questionnaire to be consumed at least once a week, for a maximum score of 23). Results There were 2065 deaths due to all causes in the cohort. The RFS was inversely associated with all-cause mortality. Compared with those in the lowest quartile, subjects in the upper quartiles of the RFS had relative risks for all-cause mortality of 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73-0.92) for quartile 2, 0.71 (95% CI, 0.62-0.81) for quartile 3, and 0.69 (95% CI, 0.61-0.78) for quartile 4 adjusted for education, ethnicity, age, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol use, level of physical activity, menopausal hormone use, and history of disease (21 for trend=35.64, P<.001 for trend). Conclusions These data suggest that a dietary pattern characterized by consumption of foods recommended in current dietary guidelines is associated with decreased risk of mortality in women. 相似文献
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Werthemann Krauspe Böhmig Wette Hesse v. Knorre Schairer Schober Haagen Hoheisel G. Beyer Rodewald Ostertag Gottschick R. Gutzeit Goy Minnigerode Henneberger-Köstler W. Dietrich Nieberle W. Biedermann Sponholz Tietze Kempf Lenkeit Huber W. Rübsamen 《Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology》1939,49(4):171-191
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
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Krah W. Dietrich Werthemann Haagen Krauspe H. Brach Ostertag Stelzer Druckrey Schairer 《Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology》1940,49(1):17-22
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
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D. Ackermann Hueck Günther Just Schairer Bandow 《Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)》1937,16(49):1728-1729
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
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Ohne ZusammenfassungMit 7 Textabbildungen 相似文献
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