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The activity of a rheumatic disease can be influenced by pregnancy and puerperium. Prospective studies have shown an improvement in joint involvement in rheumatoid arthritis in two thirds to three quarters of pregnancies. After birth, an exacerbation is common. In spondylarthropathies there is no relevant change in disease activity. The fetal outcome is not impaired in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory spondylarthropathies. Every pregnancy in women with a rheumatic disease should be considered as high-risk, and such pregnancies require close collaboration between rheumatologists and obstetricians. 相似文献
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I. Sandanger T. Moum G. Ingebrigtsen O. S. Dalgard T. Sørensen D. Bruusgaard 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》1998,33(7):345-354
The definition of case is a core issue in psychiatric epidemiology. Psychiatric symptom screening scales have been extensively
used in population studies for many decades. Structured diagnostic interviews have become available during recent years to
give exact diagnoses through carefully undertaken procedures. The aim of this article was to assess how well the Hopkins Symptom
Checklist-25 (HSCL-25) predicted cases by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), and find the optimal cut-offs
on the HSCL-25 for each diagnosis and gender. Characteristics of concordant and discordant cases were explored. In a Norwegian
two-stage survey mental health problems were measured by the HSCL-25 and the CIDI. Only 46% of the present CIDI diagnoses
were predicted by the HSCL-25. Comorbidity between CIDI diagnoses was found more than four times as often in the concordant
cases (cases agreed upon by both instruments) than in the discordant CIDI cases. Concordant cases had more depression and
panic/generalized anxiety disorders. Neither the anxiety nor the depression subscales improved the prediction of anxiety or
depression. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves confirmed that the HSCL-25 gave best information about depression.
Except for phobia it predicted best for men. Optimal HSCL-25 cut-off was 1.67 for men and 1.75 for women. Of the discordant
HSCL-25 cases, one -third reported no symptoms in the CIDI, one-third reported symptoms in the CIDI anxiety module, and the
rest had symptoms spread across the modules. With the exception of depression, the HSCL-25 was insufficient to select individuals
for further investigation of diagnosis. The two instruments to a large extent identified different cases. Either the HSCL-25
is a very imperfect indicator of the chosen CIDI diagnoses, or the dimensions of mental illness measured by each of the instruments
are different and clearly only partly overlapping.
Accepted: 11 November 1997 相似文献
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Muscle cell leakage due to long distance training 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
K. NØrregaard Hansen J. Bjerre-Knudsen U. Brodthagen R. Jordal P. -E. Paulev 《European journal of applied physiology》1982,48(2):177-188
Summary Abnormal myoglobinemia (above 77 g/1) and free hemoglobin in plasma were found in 16 runners and in nine non runners immediately following distance running. The same abnormalities were found in six elite rowers following rowing. In parallel with the rise in myoglobin and free hemoglobin a rise was found in serum concentrations of cellular enzymes (LDH, CK, ASAT, alkaline phosphatase) and of various metabolites. We found no proteinuria nor casts in the urine. Non runners had a higher rise in serum myoglobin than runners. Competitive running caused a rise in the serum concentration of the heart specific fraction of creatine kinase in seven of the nine (healthy) elite runners. The abnormal findings are only explainable on the basis of leakage of proteins from muscle cells to the circulation in otherwise healthy, well trained persons. Myoglobinemia and a transient rhabdomyolysis is a common phenomenon in long distance running, but evidently also occurs in distance rowing. Three months of running training prevented most of the muscle damage from relaxed jogging in the nine previous non runners. Neither the observed myoglobinemia nor the hemoglobinemia resulted in any significant loss of iron in the urine.Supported by IdrÆttens Forskningsråd, Dansk IdrÆtsforbund 相似文献
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Summary Major changes occur in the serum level of several hormones during 5 days of heavy and continuous physical activities, with less than a total of 2 h of sleep. The present investigation was designed to evaluate the importance of caloric deficiency, energy requirement being about 8,000–10,000 kcal/24 h. A comparison between well fed subjects and those with food deprivation revealed significantly higher levels of (T3) triiodothyronin, insulin and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in the well-fed subjects, who also had lower levels of growth hormone (hGH) and cortisol, whereas no difference was found between the two groups for thyroxin (T4). Increased levels were found for T3 and T4 in both groups during the first day of activity, with a concomitant decrease in TSH and a subsequent decrease of T4 during the next 2 days. T3 decreased only in the low-calory group whereas increased levels were found in the iso-calory group throughout the course. The resting levels of insulin decreased during the course in the low-calory group whereas it increased in the iso-calory group. High levels were maintained throughout the course for hGH. Cortisol showed high levels just before the start of the course and then decreased from day 2 to day 4. No difference was found between the morning and evening levels for cortisol, indicating disappearance of the circadian rhythm. The present investigation has shown that energy deficiency during prolonged physical strain is responsible for the decreased serum levels of T3 and insulin and may contribute to the decrease in TSH and the increase in hGH and cortisol. 相似文献
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Novel mouse model of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection mimicking cystic fibrosis 下载免费PDF全文
Hoffmann N Rasmussen TB Jensen PØ Stub C Hentzer M Molin S Ciofu O Givskov M Johansen HK Høiby N 《Infection and immunity》2005,73(4):2504-2514
Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes a chronic infection in the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients by establishing an alginate-containing biofilm. The infection has been studied in several animal models; however, most of the models required artificial embedding of the bacteria. We present here a new pulmonary mouse model without artificial embedding. The model is based on a stable mucoid CF sputum isolate (NH57388A) with hyperproduction of alginate due to a deletion in mucA and functional N-acylhomoserine lactone (AHL)-based quorum-sensing systems. Chronic lung infection could be established in both CF mice (Cftr(tmlUnc-/-)) and BALB/c mice, as reflected by the detection of a high number of P. aeruginosa organisms in the lung homogenates at 7 days postinfection and alginate biofilms, surrounded by polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the alveoli. In comparison, both an AHL-producing nonmucoid revertant (NH57388C) from the mucoid isolate (NH57388A) and a nonmucoid isolate (NH57388B) deficient in AHL were almost cleared from the lungs of the mice. This model, in which P. aeruginosa is protected against the defense system of the lung by alginate, is similar to the clinical situation. Therefore, the mouse model provides an improved method for evaluating the interaction between mucoid P. aeruginosa, the host, and antibacterial therapy. 相似文献
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P. Magnus A. -L. BØrresen P. K. Opstad J. F. Bugge K. Berg 《European journal of applied physiology》1984,53(1):21-24
Summary Effects of four days of intense physical activity on serum concentrations of total triglycerides, total cholesterol and apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, and B were studied in 35 well-trained young men. Serum total triglyceride levels decreased to 70% of baseline levels after 24 h, and fell further to 50% of baseline levels after 4 days. Serum levels of total cholesterol fell steadily to about 80% of baseline levels on the 4th day. Apo-B levels fell to 85% of baseline levels after 24 h, and remained at that level. Apo A-I fell to about 90%, and apo A-II to about 80% of baseline levels, causing a significant increase in the ratio of apo A-I to apo A-II. The intraindividual changes in apo B were positively correlated to changes in cholesterol during the first day (r=0.60). The changes in apo A-I and apo A-II had no significant correlation with changes in total cholesterol or triglycerides, or with one another, suggesting that apo A-I and apo A-II are metabolized independently during conditions of hard physical exercise. 相似文献
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Summary Resting pulmonary plasma and blood volumes (PPV and PBV), interventricular circulation time (IVCT), cardiac and stroke index (CI and SI), heart rate (HR), total plasma and blood volumes (PV and BV) were determined in athletes (two male groups representing different types of sport activities, and one female group) and compared with those of non-athletes (one male and one female group).In addition to high maximal aerobic power, the athletes were characterized by greater SI, BV and PV and lower resting HR than non-athletes. PPV and PBV were significantly larger and IVCT significantly longer in the trained than in the untrained groups, probably reflecting an improved capacity of the pulmonary circulation. PPV as per cent of PV was almost equal in all the groups, indicating the same distribution of plasma between the pulmonary and systemic circulation. The data also indicate that total blood volume is an important determinant of the magnitude of the pulmonary vascular bed. The increased volume of flowing blood and increased stroke volume in athletes probably allows for a reduction in flow velocity and thereby a reduction in kinetic energy. 相似文献