Extraintestinal Seeding of Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhi,Pakistan

We evaluated Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi strains isolated from all body sites in Pakistan during 2013–2018. Despite an increase in overall number of localized, extensively drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi in organ infections during 2018, there was no increase in the proportion of such isolates in comparison with non–extensively drug-resistant isolates.     

Molecular basis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome in a subset of South Asians

International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries - Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are emerging threats in Pakistan. The prevalence of MetS is...     

Effect of HIV-1 antiretroviral drugs on cytoadherence and phagocytic clearance of Plasmodium falciparum-parasitised erythrocytes

In response to the HIV/AIDS pandemic, antiretroviral treatment is currently being implemented in sub-Saharan Africa, where malaria and HIV-1 co-infections are highly prevalent. The effectiveness and tolerability of antiretrovirals in patients with malaria and HIV-1 co-infection have not been investigated. Antiretrovirals decrease CD36 surface concentrations in vivo, which might impair receptor function and affect parasite-host interactions. Thus, we investigated the effects of these drugs on CD36-mediated cytoadherence and non-opsonic phagocytosis of Plasmodium falciparum parasitised erythrocytes in vitro. The protease-inhibitor class of antiretrovirals particularly impairs CD36-mediated cytoadherence and non-opsonic phagocytosis of parasitised erythrocytes by human macrophages. Such treatment might therefore contribute to altered malaria disease outcomes in co-infected patients.