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Acute hypervolemia does not improve arterial oxygenation in maximally exercising thoroughbred horses
Recently, it was reported that acute hypervolemia improves arterial oxygen tension in human athletes known to experience exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia. Since exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia is routinely observed in racehorses and is known to limit performance, we examined whether pre-exercise induction of acute hypervolemia would similarly benefit arterial oxygenation in maximally exercising thoroughbred horses. Two sets of experiments, namely, placebo [intravenous (IV) physiological saline] and acute hypervolemia (IV 7.2% NaCl, causing an 18.2% expansion of plasma volume) studies were carried out in random order on 13 healthy, exercise-trained thoroughbred horses, 7 days apart. An incremental exercise protocol leading to 120 s of galloping at 14 m s–1 on a 3.5% uphill incline was used. Galloping at this workload elicited maximal heart rate and induced pulmonary hemorrhage in all horses in both treatments. In the placebo study, arterial oxygen tension decreased to 76.1 (2) mmHg (P<0.0001) at 30 s of maximal exertion, but further significant changes did not occur as exercise duration increased to 120 s [arterial oxygen tension 72.4 (2) mmHg]. A significant arterial hypoxemia also developed in galloping horses in the acute hypervolemia study [arterial oxygen tension at 30 and 120 s was 76.7 (1.7) and 71.9 (1.6) mmHg, respectively], but significant differences between treatments could not be demonstrated. In both treatments, a similar desaturation of arterial hemoglobin was also observed at 30 s of maximal exercise, which intensified with increasing exercise duration as hyperthermia, acidosis and hypercapnia intensified. Thus, acute expansion of plasma volume did not benefit arterial oxygenation in maximally exercising thoroughbred horses. 相似文献
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冻结肩是导致肩关节疼痛及活动受限的常见疾病,肩关节注射是治疗冻结肩的最常用方法,包括糖皮质激素注射、液体扩张疗法、玻璃酸钠注射等。近年来肩关节注射治疗的研究较多,且有较多高质量随机对照研究,该文就糖皮质激素注射与其它治疗手段之间以及注射治疗的不同方式之间在疼痛缓解、活动度及功能改善等方面的疗效及安全性比较作一综述。 相似文献
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Chhagan Bihari Sukriti Baweja Seggere Murlaikrishna Shasthry Deepika Lal Preeti Negi Swati Thangariyal Dinesh Mani Tripathi Shiv Kumar Sarin 《临床与转化肝病杂志(英文版)》2022,10(1):53-62
Background and Aims: Cirrhosis patients exhibit cyto-penia, and, at times refractory neutropenia to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), which acts th... 相似文献
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Murli Manohar John C. Thurmon Michael D. Devous William J. Tranquilli Richard V. Shawley G.John Benson 《The Journal of surgical research》1981,30(2):97-109
The present study was carried out: (a) To determine whether the uniformity of transmural left ventricular (LV) myocardial blood flow (MBF) is due to a gradient of vasoactive tone or to a gradient of vascularity favoring the deeper layers. (b) To examine the changes in right ventricular (RV) MBF and coronary vascular reserve of conscious calves brought about by various kinds of stress. Hemodynamics and MBF (15-μm tracer microspheres) were studied in six awake calves before and during maximal coronary vasodilatation induced by adenosine infusion (4 μM/kg/min). Although heart rate increased by 46% and mean aortic blood pressure decreased by 29% with adenosine infusion, the RV and LV MBF had increased by 710 and 394%, respectively. Thus under basal conditions we found RV coronary vascular reserve to be greater than that in the LV. The endo:epi ratio during maximal coronary vasodilatation did not decrease below 1.00 in both ventricles. This suggested that normally higher LV subendocardial perfusion (i.e., endo:epi > 1.0) of resting awake calves is most likely not due to a out → in diminishing gradient of vasomotor tone. Minimal coronary vascular resistance was identical for both ventricles. MBF was also studied in six additional calves at control, during isoproterenol infusion (0.2 μg/kg/min), pacing, and acute volume overload before and after propranolol pretreatment. The percentage increase in RV MBF per unit weight was higher than that in the LV MBF with each stress. With isoproterenol stress, LV endo:epi had decreased significantly below 1.0 while RV endo:epi was well maintained. Propranolol pretreatment significantly blunted the increase in RV and LV MBF brought about by acute volume overload. 相似文献
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Hereditary and acquired bisalbuminemia, in which the serum contains an albumin variant differing from albumin A by single amino-acid substitutions, have been reported in different races or ethnic groups and in association with various pathologic states. The importance of this rare condition in the pathophysiology of established diseases is uncertain. We evaluated a 68-year-old woman with chronic kidney disease who presented with worsened serum creatinine concentration despite lack of dietary or medical changes. Serum protein electrophoresis was performed with an automated rapid electrophoresis system. Bisalbuminemia was noted as an incidental finding on serum protein electrophoresis. The serum creatinine level stabilized with dietary protein restriction and a -blocking agent/diuretic combination for blood pressure control. Although the possibility that some physiologic or pharmacologic substances may not bind to abnormal albumin variants as well as they bind to normal albumin should not be discounted, the finding of bisalbuminemia did not influence the diagnosis, management, course, or prognosis of chronic kidney disease. The role of persistent bisalbuminemia in renal disease is uncertain. 相似文献
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Dewan A Bhatnagar VK Mathur ML Chakma T Kashyap R Sadhu HG Sinha SN Saiyed HN 《Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology》2004,42(4):363-369
INTRODUCTION: A number of families in a rural area of Jabalpur District (Madhya Pradesh), India, were affected by repeated episodes of convulsive illness over a period of three weeks. The aim of this investigation was to determine the cause of the illness. METHODS: The investigation included a house-to-house survey, interviews of affected families, discussions with treating physicians, and examination of hospital records. Endosulfan poisoning was suspected as many villagers were using empty pesticide containers for food storage. To confirm this, our team collected blood and food samples, which were transported to the laboratory and analyzed with GC-ECD. RESULTS: Thirty-six persons of all age groups had illness of varying severity over a period of three weeks. In the first week, due to superstitions and lack of treatment, three children died. In the second week, symptomatic treatment of affected persons in a district hospital led to recovery but recurrence of convulsive episodes occurred after the return home. In the third week, 10 people were again hospitalized in a teaching hospital. Investigations carried out in this hospital ruled out infective etiology but no facilities were available for chemical analysis. All persons responded to symptomatic treatment. The blood and food samples analyzed by our team showed presence of endosulfan, which was confirmed by GCMS. One of the food items (Laddu) prepared from wheat flour was found to contain 676 ppm of alpha-endosulfan. CONCLUSIONS: Contamination of wheat grains or flour with endosulfan and its consumption over a period of time was the most likely cause of repeated episodes of convulsions, but the exact reason for this contamination could not be determined. This report highlights the unsafe disposal of pesticide containers by illiterate farm workers, superstitions leading to delay in treatment, and susceptibility of children to endosulfan. 相似文献
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The influence of ciprofloxacin on immune responses has been suggested by results of in vitro and in vivo studies. This effect was studied using a murine model that measured mortality and early cytokine responses after challenge with endotoxin. C57/BL6 mice weighing between 18 and 21 g were given a single intraperitoneal dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), ranging from 200 to 1000 microg. Mice were pre-treated with an intraperitoneal injection of 5% dextrose in sterile water containing 0.0-6.0 mg of ciprofloxacin 1 h before LPS challenge. Cytokine responses were assessed by measuring concentrations in serum separated from blood obtained by cardiac puncture of anaesthetized mice at 0, 1, 3, 6 and 24 h following LPS administration. Mice were observed for 72 h following administration of LPS and serum cytokines were measured using ELISA. More than 4.5 mg of ciprofloxacin (675-900 mg/m(2) or 225-300 mg/kg) given 1 h before LPS challenge consistently protected mice from a lethal dose of LPS (14/14 versus 0/7, P < 0.00001). Ciprofloxacin significantly attenuated the production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-12 response after LPS challenge. In addition, ciprofloxacin significantly increased serum interleukin-10 concentrations but had little or no effect on interleukin-6 or interleukin-1beta serum concentrations. Similar effects were evident with sublethal doses of LPS and were most pronounced at the lowest dose of LPS studied. These observations indicate that ciprofloxacin can prevent endotoxin-mediated death and alter early host cytokine responses. This effect may influence the course of infection in a manner that is independent of the drug's antimicrobial activity. 相似文献