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1.
Human subjects maintained isometric plantar or dorsal flexions of the ankle in a matching task. H-reflexes of different sizes were superimposed on the steady activity. The peak-to-peak amplitude of the reflexes was measured on the electromyogram (EMG) of the soleus muscle. The size of the corresponding muscle contractions was determined on the isometric torque signal in relation to the maintained flexion force. The EMG-torque relation which was defined as the reflex muscle contraction as a function of the EMG reflex signal approximated a square root function for a given steady contraction level. It was not modulated by steady dorsal flexions, but it decreased continuously with stronger plantar steady torques. This dependence was caused by the silent period following the reflex discharge. Since the reflex discharge and the silent period were near in time to the duration of the contraction, the silent period had a direct effect on the reflex contraction amplitude. 相似文献
2.
F Ruegg 《Bulletin on narcotics》1991,43(1):9-15
The present article is an attempt to demonstrate that a broad-based approach to matters directly affecting children, with special emphasis on meeting their non-material and spiritual needs, can effectively contribute to drug abuse prevention, in particular, by promoting personal values that encourage constructive use of goods and time. The International Catholic Child Bureau (ICCB) has adopted its approach to drug abuse prevention, particularly in respect of "street children", and, through its vast network of experts and practitioners familiar with intercultural and interdenominational education, has implemented a number of projects in Africa, Europe and Latin America, primarily involving the use of therapeutic communities, workshops and "street educators". The religious dimension of the work of ICCB is particularly important because it highlights a fundamental aspect for youth of all cultures, i.e. integrated preparation for life as responsible members of the community. ICCB is of the view that it is imperative to provide children with possibilities for a life that is free of substance dependence, once they are able to make the right decisions. 相似文献
3.
Sylvia Baumann Kurer Burkhardt Seifert Beat Michel† Regula Ruegg Jörg Fehr 《British journal of haematology》1995,91(4):820-826
Summary. We prospectively studied 45 anaemic patients (3 7 women, 8 men) with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases. The combination of serum ferritin and CRP (as well as ESR) in its predictive capacity for bone marrow iron stores was examined. The relationship between other iron-related measurements (transferrin, transferrin saturation, soluble transferrin receptor, erythrocyte porphyrins and percentage of hypochromic/microcytic erythrocytes) and bone marrow iron stores was also investigated. Stainable bone marrow iron was taken as the most suitable standard to separate iron-deficient from iron-replete patients. 14 patients (31%) were lacking bone marrow iron. Regression analysis showed a good correlation between ferritin and bone marrow iron (adjusted R 2 =0.721, P<00001). The combination of ferritin and CRP (ESR) did not improve the predictive power for bone marrow iron (adjusted R 2 =0.715) in this cohort of patients with low systemic inflammatory activity. With respect to the bone marrow iron content the best predictive cut-off value of ferritin was 30μg/l (86% sensitivity, 90% specificity). The other iron-related parameters both individually and when combined were less powerful in predicting bone marrow iron than ferritin alone. Only zinc bound erythrocyte protoporphyrin in combination with ferritin slightly improved prediction (adjusted R 2 =0.731). A cut-off point of 11% hypochromic erythrocytes reached a high specificity (90%), but was less sensitive (77%). 相似文献
4.
Florian Grahammer Nora Haenisch Frederic Steinhardt Lukas Sandner Malte Roerden Frederic Arnold Tomke Cordts Nicola Wanner Wilfried Reichardt Dontscho Kerjaschki Markus A. Ruegg Michael N. Hall Pierre Moulin Hauke Busch Melanie Boerries Gerd Walz Ferruh Artunc Tobias B. Huber 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2014,111(27):E2817-E2826
5.
Arif Asif Hector Castro Ahmed Ameen Waheed Vishesh Kumar Syed S Haqqie Gary Siskin Roy O Mathew Darius Mason Tushar Vachharajani Ali Nayer Donna Merrill Muhammad UT Akmal Loay Salman 《Seminars in dialysis》2013,26(4):E30-E32
A retrospective study evaluating the pattern of blood pressure and its related complications before, during, and after percutaneous hemodialysis interventions was performed in patients presenting with asymptomatic hypertension. Hemodialysis patients undergoing percutaneous interventions including tunneled hemodialysis catheter insertion, percutaneous balloon angioplasty and thrombectomy procedure, and stage II hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥160 mmHg) were included in this analysis. Blood pressure medications were not used while midazolam and fentanyl were routinely administered. Patients were followed for up to 4 weeks to monitor any complications. The mean blood pressure before, during, and after the procedures were 185 ± 18/96 ± 14, 172 ± 22/92 ± 15, and 153 ± 25/87 ± 14, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the blood pressure readings before and after the procedure (before = 185 ± 18/96 ± 14, after = 153 ± 25/87 ± 14; p = 0.001). None of the patients had a stroke, myocardial infarction, or acute pulmonary edema before, during, or after the procedure or during the 4‐week follow‐up period. A significant reduction in blood pressure was observed after the procedure without the administration of any antihypertensive medication. These results suggest that the reduction in blood pressure observed after percutaneous dialysis access interventions (particularly in the presence of midazolam and fentanyl) may make it unnecessary to treat asymptomatic hypertension prior to these procedures. 相似文献
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8.
Vallet V Mauray S Kindler V Aubry D Ruegg M Cherpillod J Waridel F Schapira M Duchosal MA 《Xenotransplantation》2005,12(1):38-48
BACKGROUND: Models consisting of human immune cells in suspension transferred to severe combined immune deficient (SCID) mice have been invaluable for studying immune response, autoimmunity, and lymphomagenesis. The dissemination of human cells within the mouse body hampers immune functionality with time and favorites the development of human graft vs. mouse host (GvH) disease. To circumvent these limitations we surgically implanted tonsil pieces subcutaneously in SCID animals (hu-ton-SCID mice). Recall humoral responses was elicited and animals did not suffer from signs of GvH disease. A detailed cell subset and cell activation analysis of implants has not yet been reported. METHODS: Implants from 86 hu-ton-SCID mice were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry analyses to assess human lymphoid cell subpopulation surviving with time after implantation, and to evaluate status of human cell activation. Results: B cells persist over 3 months in implants. The proportion of class and type-specific Ig+ cells varied between implants, but as a whole IgG+ cells were more abundant than IgA+, and IgM+ cells, and kappa+ cells predominated over lambda+ cells. The mean proportions of these cells resemble those in the original tonsil. Fine analysis of CD19+ B cells demonstrated no expansion of activated (CD5+, CD23+, CD69+) B cells in implants compared with tonsils, and a decrease of CD19+CD77+ B cells corresponding to a centroblastic phenotype, which is consistent with the disappearance of follicular structure in implants. Double positive CD20+CD27+ memory B cells were detected in implants by immunohistochemistry. T cell CD4+CD8-/CD4-CD8+ ratios were about 4 in implants, that is similar to those in tonsils, and there was no expansion of CD3+CD4+CD8+ and of CD3+CD4-CD8- T-cell subpopulations. T cells activation markers (CD25, CD69) were similarly expressed in implants and tonsils, and implants contained cells with a memory T cell phenotype (CD45RO). Finally cells within implants depicted a low rate of proliferation when assessed by Ki-67 expression levels. Conclusions: Compared with original tonsils, tonsil implants in hu-ton-SCID mice lose the germinal center architecture, which is correlated with the decrease of CD77+ B cells, but conserve T and B cell subpopulation diversity, notably memory cells. In addition, implant T and B cells are not differently activated when compared with those in original tonsils and do not proliferate extensively. These observations indicate indirectly absence of GvH reaction at the cellular level in this model. Collectively, the detailed implant cellular characterization in the hu-ton-SCID model provides a strong rationale for the use of this model in the study of human recall antibody response. 相似文献
9.
The effects of dorsal cord stimulation on phasic and tonic stretch reflex activity in extensor muscles were studied in decerebrate cats. The tonic stretch response was depressed in both fore- and hindlimb (stimulation at levels C1 and T8, respectively) and this often persisted for 5–20 min after the end of 1–10 min of dorsal cord stimulation. Depression of the phasic stretch response was only consistently seen in the forelimb during stimulation (C1) and this rarely outlasted the period of stimulation. These results support the idea that dorsal cord stimulation can reduce muscle tone but provide no explanation for the long-lasting effects of chronic, continuous stimulation in spastic man. 相似文献
10.
During vertebrate neuromuscular junction (NMJ) development, nerve-secreted agrin induces acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clustering in muscle by activating the muscle-specific tyrosine kinase MuSK. Recently, it has been recognized that MuSK activation-dependent AChR clustering occurs in embryonic muscle even in the absence of agrin, but how this process is regulated is poorly understood. We report that inhibition of tyrosine phosphatases in cultured C2 mouse myotubes using pervanadate enhanced MuSK auto-activation and agrin-independent AChR clustering. Moreover, phosphatase inhibition also enlarged the AChR clusters induced by agrin in these cells. Conversely, in situ activation of MuSK in cultured Xenopus embryonic muscle cells, either focally by anti-MuSK antibody-coated beads or globally by agrin, stimulated downstream tyrosine phosphatases, which could be blocked by pervanadate treatment. Immunoscreening identified Shp2 as a major tyrosine phosphatase in C2 myotubes and down-regulation of its expression by RNA interference alleviated tyrosine phosphatase suppression of MuSK activation. Significantly, depletion of Shp2 increased both agrin-independent and agrin-dependent AChR clustering in myotubes. Our results suggest that muscle tyrosine phosphatases tightly regulate MuSK activation and signaling and support a novel role of Shp2 in MuSK-dependent AChR clustering. 相似文献